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Black Nobility and the Vatican.

The black nobility is the base of the global crime syndicate that controls this planet. The black nobility or black aristocracy are the aristocratic families that sided with the papacy under Pope Pius IX after the army of the Kingdom of Italy led by the Savoy family entered Rome on September 20, 1870, overthrew the pope . and the Papal States, and took over the Quirinal Palace, and the nobles later ennobled by the Pope prior to the Lateran Treaty of 1929. Any family that produced popes for the Vatican is royalty. Most of the black nobility are Vatican royalty. The black nobility consider themselves sovereign princes. These families earned the title of "black" nobility for their relentless unscrupulousness. They used murder, rape, kidnapping, robbery and all kinds of deception on a large scale, without resisting the achievement of their objectives. The black nobility were the families that financed and created the holy corporation of the Vatican with the aim of imposing world slavery as a necessary institution, with the sole belief that some are born to rule and others to be ruled. The idea that certain families were born to rule as an arbitrary elite, while the vast majority of a given population is condemned to oppression, servitude, or slavery became the theological position of this elite. The "New World Order" is an attempt to take control of society by these fascist families with the purpose of the total slavery of humanity.
The Vatican is an imperial nation and is the largest empire in this world. The Vatican City, or the Holy Vatican Corporation, officially the Vatican City State, is a nation that operates as the largest intelligence network in the world. The Holy See is the "All-Seeing Eye" in society and a corporate entity connected to many other corporations and governments through papal and royal statutes. Archbishops and high-level bishops are the overseers of society within their districts and oversee politics, police, business, and organized crime. The same year that the professor of ecclesiastical law and practical philosophy at the University of Ingolstadt, Adam Weishaupt, created the Order of the Illuminati, was the same year that they created the United States as a corporation to run it as their private army and lead I dig the agenda of a "New World Order" for the elites, mainly, thanks to the infiltrated Freemasonry and directed by the Jesuits.
The New World Order is a conspiracy of lineage at the top. They are ancient and evil bloodlines that build and destroy empires for control through an order out of chaos. Royal and noble houses are corporate entities and claim to rule and own land, resources, and people. Landlords have always been the dominant owners of gold and precious metals. They empower and finance bankers and entrepreneurs to work for them through their corporate homes. They authorize and issue the creation of laws, agencies, the military, companies, and universities. They create and run religions and secret societies. They also finance and organize organized crime syndicates as if they were commercial enterprises. Some of the major royal bloodlines include Savoy, Bourbon, Medici, Glücksburg, Wittelsbach, Nassau-Weilberg, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Romanov, Grimaldi, Orleans, Braganza, Habsburg, Hannover, Windsor, Saud, Thani, Khalifa, Alouwite , Zogu, Hohenzollern, Orange-Nassau, Bonaparte and Bernadotte. Many royal bloodlines still rule their nations as heads of state such as the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Monaco, Spain, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Morocco, Sweden, Norway, and Luxembourg. The Vatican City State is also a kingdom with the Pope of Rome as its monarch. The Black Nobility are the ancient bloodlines of the Papal States and they own the Holy See and the Vatican. They produced the first popes of Rome and held leadership positions in the Vatican from its inception. The Colonna and Torlonia still hold the hereditary positions of the Assistant Princes to the Papal Throne. The black nobility consider themselves sovereign princes. The Vatican is used as a central point of control and the Holy See is one of the oldest and most criminal corporate entities in existence. The Spanish Catholic Church is immensely rich, it has not suffered the crisis and also enjoys a true tax haven, being free to pay taxes, such as the IBI, works, companies, etc. The vast majority of the assets in their possession and on their accounts are completely opaque. This situation is illegitimate, unfair and presumably illegal, and this occurs with the complicity and consent of the public powers.
The Erlach and Brandi families are Swiss tax advisers who enable corruption, bribery, criminal financing, and money laundering. The Swiss Guard is the one that protects the Vatican City State. The Swiss cantons have been in contract with the Vatican for centuries and Switzerland is basically a papal state with the noble Roman saints claiming partial ownership. The German house of Baden-Zahringen founded Bern, in Switzerland. The House of Savoy ruled the regions of Switzerland for hundreds of years. Some of the most important bloodlines of the Black Nobility are: Massimo, Colonna, Pallavicini, Odescalchi, Ruspoli, Orsini, Aldobrandini, Sforza-Cesarini, Boncompagni-Ludovisi, Chigi-Albani-Della Rovere, Doria-Pamphilj, Rospigliosi, Giustiniani , Torlonia, Corsini, Borghese, Del Drago, Lucchesi-Palli, and Gaetani. The Pecci and Pacelli families are more recent bloodlines of the Black Nobility. The black nobility share ownership over the Holy See, which is a corporate entity based in the Vatican City State that was established as a nation in 1929 under Benito Mussolini, who was put in power by the House of Savoy. The Mussolini and Franco families became nobles after their fascist regimes. The Black Nobility also owns the Knights of Malta, the Jesuits, and the Cosa Nostra. The Black Nobility established branches in southern Italy and married Sicilian-Campanian nobles such as the Lanza di Scalea, Adragna, Sanseverino, Tomasi di Lampedusa, Paterno, Cattaneo, Serena di Lapigio and Rocco di Torrepadula families. Many Italian crime families were Sicilian nobles like the Bonanno and Bellomo families. Both the mafia bosses and the Italian and Spanish nobles call themselves Dons, which is the equivalent of Boos (boss) of crime. The Savoy, Savoy-Aosta, Medici, Borbon-Dos Sicilias, and Borbon-Parma families are members of Italian royalty and are married to various European royal bloodlines and Black Nobility. Most of the monarchs are members of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Prince Carlo Massimo has been overseeing the Sovereign Military Order of Malta as President of the Italian Association of SMOM. The Knights of Malta have an undercover operation at the Jesuit School of Foreign Service in Georgetown, run by Joel Hellman. The Jesuits and the Knights of Malta basically run the Defense Department alongside British Crown agents and high-level Freemasons. Prince Carlo de Borbón-Dos Sicilias is a high commander of the Society of Jesus through his Sacred Constantinian Military Order of Saint George. The Jesuits were authorized by Pope Paul III of the Farnese family. The Bourbon-Dos Sicilias and Borbon-Parma families are the continuation of the Farnese family, the name Farnesivs is engraved in the Jesuit headquarters called the Church of Gesu in Rome. The Farnese family lived in a pentagonal fortress called Farnese Villa Caprarola, which is the basis for the design of the American Pentagon. Jesuits are involved in education, politics, banking, science, law, and especially military intelligence. The Italian Bourbons have established residences all over the world, including Florida. Jesuits need to be investigated and banned, they have rightly been expelled from almost every country in the world, but they always end up coming back. In Spain three times, his last return was at the hands of General Franco.
The Holy See is a corporate body that issues laws and bills, such as the Golden Bull, which claims ownership of the Kingdom of England and identifies the emperor as the sovereign of the only legitimate universal empire, directly chosen by God. The Pope claims temporal power or ownership over the Earth and also claims Papal Supremacy or Papal Rule and Papal Infallibility. Infallibility means incapable of being wrong. The Roman Curia or Papal Court is the highest organized council in society and is directly supervised by the two “Assistants of the Prince to the Pontifical Throne”, these two positions are held by the princes of the Colonna and Torlonia families. They work with a higher level princely council of the Italian nobility that works with another council made up of the Roman nobility. The Italian and Austrian nobility are married to each other and work closely together leading the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, which is a sovereign entity equivalent to that of a sovereign nation. The Italian Nobility, La Cosa Nostra and the German and Austrian Nobles, run the Jewish Mafia. Royalty and nobles have massive amounts of wealth in private bank accounts in Switzerland. They use the Nazi-founded Bank for International Settlements to steal wealth from central banks through fraudulent tax contracts and then launder and hide the wealth in private bank accounts in Switzerland. The main Italian lineages still active include the Massimo, Colonna, Pallavicini, Torlonia, Aldobrandini, Ruspoli, Orsini, Gaetani-D'Aragona, Borbón-Parma, Odescalchi, Borghese, Adragni, Chigi, Medici, Borromeo, Doria-Pamphilj, Sacchetti, Savoy, Grimaldi and Bourbon. These bloodlines oversee the various specters of society. Outside of this power structure is the Committee of 300 with an inner circle made up of the leading monarchs and princes of Europe and the former Holy Roman Empire with members from Windsor, Spencer, Cecil, Percy, Hohenlohe-Langenburg, Habsburg, Bonaparte, Orleans, Bernadotte, Lagergren, Glucksburg, Hannover, Furstenberg, Austria-East, Hohenberg, Hesse, Nassau-Weilberg, Habsburg-Lorraine, Saxe Coburg and Gotha, Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach, Saxony-Meiningen, Braganza, Orange-Nassau, Hohenzollern , Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Liechtenstein, Rothschild, FitzJames, Lobkowicz, Ligne, Merode, Romanov, Thurn and Taxis, Schwarzenberg, Orsini-Rosenberg, Windisch-Graetz, Esterhazy and other families. Many members who do not have noble status on the Committee of 300 are representatives of the royal families.
These families are all enemies of humanity and have conspired to enslave the world for centuries. They authorize and create corporations and billionaires, run religions, states, secret societies, the mafia, and organized crime syndicates. Royal families in Europe are mainly divided into two factions, and this dates back to the Guelph merchants and Ghibelline landowners. All other groups like Bilderberg, CFR, and the Trilateral Commission are lower-level organizations. All roads lead to Rome, which is the basis of its control system. The European Constitutional Monarchies are branches of the corporate empire of Rome. Constitutional Monarchies are ruled by blood-appointed heads of state and serve Rome through the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. The Pope claims temporary or physical ownership of the Earth. The Pope claims to be infallible of error. The Pope claims ownership over all souls through the papal doctrine of "Papal Supremacy." The Pope is a leader for the Black Nobility of Italy.
The Jesuits are a military priesthood officially established by Pope Paul III A.K. to Alessandro Farnese of the Farnese family. The Jesuits were officially established under the Papal Bull called Regimini Militantis Ecclesiae, which means Military Regiment of the Church as the continuation of the Templars. The Black Nobles are the true owners and controllers of the Vatican and maintain their control throughout the centuries by installing their relatives as high-level popes and bishops. At present the Torlonia and Colonna families who have the hereditary positions of Prince Assistants to the Papal Throne are those who supervise the pope. In turn Pope Francis supervises all members of the Catholic Church and also supervises the various secret societies that are connected with the Church.
The Jesuits are also a Masonic order and were the continuation of the Templar orders when they were banned. The Roman Catholic Church mocks Christians by performing rituals where they pretend to drink blood and eat human flesh known as the Eucharist, also called Holy Sacrifice. The New Testament did not exist until about 1600 and the Old Testament is even more recent than the new. It was the Vatican and European monarchs who created both the New and the Old Testaments. The last official version of the bible was published in 1777.
The bishops and priests operate as supervisors and the Jesuits function as spies trained in deception and are infiltrated everywhere. The Pope claims temporal power or ownership over the Earth and also claims Papal Supremacy or Papal Rule and Papal Infallibility. Infallibility means incapable of being wrong. Archbishops are the overseers of society within their districts and oversee politics, police, business, and organized crime. The Latin phrase Novus Ordo Seclorum means New Order of Ages (or Ages), or also "New World Order", and is on the US dollar bill and Great Seal of the United States.
The Vatican uses Latin as an official language and for documents. America is named after the Italian Americo Vespucci who worked for the Medici family of Florence and Rome. Vespucci created the term New World for America. The Bank of America was originally called the Bank of Italy and was founded by Amadeo Giannini, who was financed by Italians. Nations were formed as companies or corporations to exploit their citizens as merchandise. Corporations are fraudulent constructions because they are considered a person with rights under the law, and because the owners and controllers of the corporations can disregard responsibility for crimes committed by the corporation. That is fraudulent. Corporations are not people and therefore cannot have rights. Corporations are also monopolies that use subsidiaries to hide their dominance over industry. Private companies cannot compete fairly with corporations. Citizens are also classified as legal persons (companies), robbing them of all their human rights. Corporations shouldn't exist.
Royalty and nobles issue charters establishing representative covert property agents controlled by corporate households or crowns of royalty and nobles. They claim to own foreign governments in this way. Royalty and nobles claim to own the United States as a continuation of the Virginia Company. Roman royalty such as the Hanover, Hesses, Wurttembergs, Hohenzollerns, Glucksburgs, Orange-Nassaus and Saxe-Coburg and Gothas claim a share of ownership over the British Crown. This is why the British royal family has so much German ancestry. The United States is defined as a federal corporation under US code 3002. Section 15. Most of the founding fathers were Freemasons and worked for the British Crown and German royalty. American political families, such as the Bushs, Clintons, Romneys, and Kennedys, take their names from European noble families that still exist. The Von Dem Bussche family are German nobles and relatives of the Bush family. The Clintons and Romneys are also British nobles. The Kennedys are Scottish-Irish nobles and an American political family involved with the Democratic Party. Mars, Walton, Rockefeller, Guggenheim, Getty, Hearst, Sackler, Lauder, Sachs, Busche, Johnson, McMahon, Forbes, and Cox are some of the billionaire American families that work with royalty and nobles in Europe. The Mars family is worth about 70 billion and works with the Windsor, Savoy, Thurn and Taxis families. The Waltons are worth around 130 billion and work with German nobles like the Württemberg, Baden, Hohenzollern and Isenberg families. The various Johnson families in the United States are collectively worth tens of billions and serve as agents for the House of Hannover. They own Johnson and Johnson and Fidelity Investments. The Hanovers are powerful royals and merchants who established the Hanseatic League. The Hearst family is worth more than 25 billion and several members were educated at Harvard University of the British Crown. The McMahon family is a billionaire and owner of the WWE and works under the Bonapartes and Savoys as their noble ancestors who were served militarily by the MacMahons during the Second Italian War of Independence. Today there are MacMahons in France with Italian and French titles of nobility. The Lauder family works for the House of Esterhazy in Austria and the House of East in Austria and Italy. The Guggenheims have assets worth hundreds of billions and are married to the House of Stuart. The Getty family are billionaire American oil merchants and are married to the Italian House of Ruspoli. The Forbes family are billionaires and American descendants of Scottish nobles who still exist.
All gang stalking and cult organizations are owned and controlled by members of royalty and nobility. Criminal organizations such as Royalty itself, Royal Institutions, The Company of Jesus, The Black Monks, The Hellfire Club, The Templar Orders, Freemasonry, The Grand Orient of France, The York Rite, The Scottish Rite, Prince Masonry of Prince Hall, Shriners International, The Royal Order of Jesters, The Cabal Society, Chabad, Scientology, Skull & Bones, The Boulé Society, The 5% Nation, The Nation of Islam, Black Israelites, The Ordo Templi Orientis ( OTO), The Temple of Set, The Church of Satan, Rosicrucian, Golden Dawn, Opus Dei, Mormons, Knights of Columbus, The Bohemian Club, Knights of Phintias, Ancient Order of Druids, Wicca, Santeria, Obeah, Voodoo, Sufism , Greek Fraternities and Brotherhoods, New Age and Gnostic Cults, Nazi Cults, KKK, Mafias, Prison Gangs, Biker Gangs and Street Gangs. The Rockefeller family uses their charitable foundations to fund harassment gangs and bribery in the United States, as well as globalization agendas and vaccination programs. The Rockefeller Foundation funded Almighty Vice Lord Nation, which is an organized crime group, and also funded the Tavistock Institute.
Hollywood, the Church of Scientology, and Silicon Valley are military operations like the US DARPA agency and run by European royalty and nobles like the Oettingen-Spielbergs, Schaumburg-Lippes, Anhalts, Hanovers, Windsors, Passi di Preposulos, Ruspolis, Torlonias and Odescalchis. The Ferragamo family is also involved in the management and financing of corruption in Hollywood. The House of Nassau-Weilberg, which is married to the Torlonias, funds human trafficking and human sacrifice in Hollywood. Idols in the entertainment industry are a dangerous cult with leaders who have access to electronic weapons. Most of modern electronics is being broadcast covertly with GENISIS and NEURON bio-piracy software controlled by Kabbalists and Scientologists. European monarchies function as extensions of Rome and run secret societies that infiltrate government agencies and run corporations for monarchs. The Sovereign Military Order of Malta is the main military council and works closely with the Orders of St. John administered by Protestant royalty such as the Windsors and the Hohenzollerns. The Order of Malta and the Order of Saint John are Masonic organizations with grand masters and titles for initiation. The royal and noble bloodlines are all working together as a global crime syndicate and part of a modernized Roman corporate empire. They also have several competing factions that create the illusion of division. The British crown and Scottish nobles such as the Bruce, Stewart, Sinclair, Campbell, Montagu, Scott, Hamilton, Percy, Boyle, Bowes-Lyon and Sutherland families administer a large part of Freemasonry. All of these families produced Grand Masters of the Grand Lodge of England. There are thousands of Masonic lodges in Europe and in the United States. Freemasonry must be investigated and outlawed. The Greek-German Royal House of Glucksburg directs the Greek fraternities and brotherhoods and uses initiates as its agents. Glucksburg nobles and Italians run the Boule Society, Boule is a Greek fraternal society for African Americans. Martin Luther King and Jesse Jackson have been members of Boule, among many other high-profile, successful, and wealthy blacks, including Barack Obama, Bill Cosby, Al Sharpton, and Thurgood Marshall. The Glucksburg family rules Denmark and Norway and recently ruled Greece. Among its members are the ex-queen Sofía of Spain and Duke Felipe de Edimburgo. Former Greek nobility and royal merchants such as the Mavroleon, Onassis, and Niarchos families are billionaires who have a monopoly in the shipping industry and work with British nobles. The Greek royal family currently lives in London from where many Greek consignment merchants operate. The British Crown authorized and controls universities such as Yale and Harvard which are used to recruit Crown agents through fraternal orders such as Skull & Bones and Book and Snake. Royal and noble families also do undercover business in the City of London Corporation, which dominates global markets. Some of the major London merchant families include the Goldsmith, Stuart, Rothschild, Grosvenor, Sassoon, Barclay, Sutherland, Montagu, Bailey and Guinness families. The Sutherland family created the HSBC bank that has a long history of financial scandals around the world (Emilio Botín, Fernando Alonso, Mohamed VI, Jorge Trías and Jordi Pujol Jr. had accounts at HSBC when it was chaired by Stephen Green, Baron Green of Hurstpierpoint). The Bailey family is co-founder of Janus Henderson through a merger. Janus Henderson manages around 190 billion in assets. The Stuart family owns the Hudson Bay Company and has an alliance with the Bavarian House of Wittelsbach, which is the covert owner of some of the Hudson's Bay Company subsidiaries, which were founded by Bavarian merchants. HBC has approximately $ 12 billion in assets and has had fiscal contracts with the United States through the Organic Law of the District of Columbia of 1871.
The Orange-Nassau family are influential traders through the Netherlands Trading Society and have a large number of shares in Royal Dutch Shell, Philips Electronics and ABN AMRO Bank. The Orange-Nassaus and their Dreyfus agents run the Rand Corporation, which has a contract with the US military. Rand's founder was a Dutch gentleman. The Orange-Nassau family also runs the Loyal Orange Institution in Ireland, which has infiltrated the police, justice and politics. The Luxembourg Nassau-Weilburg family are international bankers connected to the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The royal families of Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands have shares in the European Investment Bank and all of these royals are recently married to Italian nobles. The Ligne family from Belgium are wealthy diamond and gold merchants. The Belgian Crown and its nobles are stealing wealth from the United States through fraudulent tax contracts established through the Organic Law of the District of Columbia of 1871 and continue to do so through the Bank for International Settlements. The Barons Strange heads the Masonic Order of Oddfellow. The Russell family are the Marquesses of Tavistock and they run the Tavistock Institute, which is an organization involved in mass mind control. The Russell family also co-founded the Yale University and Russell Trust Association, which is named after the New Haven, Connecticut company based on the Skull & Bones secret society.
Skull & Bones is a death cult military complex run by the Bush family from the USA who are like a European royal family in the USA. The Furstenberg family runs the Royal Order of Jesters who wear a jester on their coat of arms. The Clintons work closely with the House of Furstenberg, who have residences in the United States. The Italian Orsini family and the Holy Roman Rosenberg family lead the Rosicrucian Order of alchemists who infiltrate food and drug companies for chemical warfare. The Medici family, who have a statue of Hermes (Mercury) in their palace in Rome, administer the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, an alchemical secret society. The Medici were architects of modern banking. The Pierleoni family of Rome and the Spanish House of Bourbon-Anjou run the Kabbalah Society, which uses the Spanish lion for its logo. The Pacelli family of Rome and the Crescenzi family of Italy administer the Wiccan witchcraft cults. The Bavarian Wittelsbach family from Bavaria created the Bavarian Illuminati and administers the Benedictine Monks and is also part of the Jewish Mafia in the United States who are white collar criminals. The Pecci family of Italy also owns the Jewish mafia in the United States through their marriage to the Blumenthal family. The House of Wittelsbach is involved with Zionism, Nazism, Freemasonry, and the Society of Jesus. The Jesuits function as Roman intelligence and infiltrators and use their universities to recruit and train agents for Rome. Jesuit agents dominate leadership positions in the United States military and intelligence and especially in the CIA. The Knights of Columbus are owned by the Casa de Colonna. Christopher Columbus was Pedro Madruga, the Count of Caminha, a relative of the Colonnas who settled in Pontevedra at the time of the Romans. Many Knights of Columbus are police officers, mayors, lawyers, and judges, protecting the Italian mob while targeting free-thinking people. The Knights of Columbus are heavily involved in gang harassment.
Court Jews such as the Rothschild, Warburg, Goldsmith, Oppenheimer, Walton, Sassoon, Kadoorie, Lewis, Javal, Lauder, Sackler and Dreyfus families work through the Roman Curia or royal courtrooms such as Buckingham Palace. The French Rothschilds work for the Black Nobility of Rome and the French House of Orleans. The British Rothschilds work for the British Crown. The Sassoon and Kadoorie families work for the British Crown and oversee banking and business in China and India. The Swiss Rothschilds work for the House of Habsburg and the House of Hesse. The Oppenheimers work for the German House of Wurttemberg and the Cologne Oppenheim branch. the Austrian House of Habsburg granted them titles of nobility. The Warburgs work for the Italian House of Borghese and the German House of Hesse and the House of Hannover. Warburg Pincus had a contract with Unicredit that merged with the Borghese Family's Bank of the Holy Spirit. The Warburgs were Venetian bankers and the Borghese family now hold Venetian titles of nobility. The Warburgs financed the Nazis. The Dreyfus family works for the Dutch House of Orange-Nassau and the French House of Bonaparte. Jewish banking families work for Christian nobles and royalty. These billionaire Jewish bloodlines run many rabbis who run a criminal intelligence network that works with Mossad. The French House of Bonaparte and the Swedish House of Bernadotte control many of the main European companies through their knights of the Order of Seraphim and the Legion of Honor, who are also members of the Round Table of Industrialists of Europe, which it has a great economic influence on the markets. The Wallenbergs run corporations worth hundreds of billions and work for the Swedish House of Bernadotte. The Wallenbergs and the Swedish Crown also work with the Jesuits and the Vatican. The Black Nobility and other royal families have been hiding billions in private banks in Luxembourg, Liechtenstein and Switzerland. The royal families of Luxembourg and Liechtenstein own and run their own national and private banks. Austrian and Eastern European royalty and nobles, such as the Habsburgs, Esterhazys and Schonberg, use private banks in Liechtenstein and also own Israeli and Jewish mafias. The Esterhazy family together with the Lucchesi-Palli family run a faction of the Russian mafia through the mob boss Semion Mogilevich from Budapest. The Torlonia family owns the Fucino Bank in Rome and functions as Vatican bankers and treasurers. The Torlonia family of Rome and the Hohenzollern family of Germany are the main owners and controllers of the Bank for International Settlements which was founded and administered by the Nazis during World War II. The Torlonias are architects of fascism and the Hohenzollerns are architects of Nazism.
The East, Rothschild and Hottinger families are some of the leading Swiss bankers. The Romanian Sturdza family also owns a private bank in Switzerland. The Casanova family of Italy and Spain is one of the leading political families in Switzerland. The East and Savoy families run the Bank for International Settlements, which has a contract with most of the major central banks and is embezzling the wealth of nations through fraudulent loans and contracts. The Savoys live in Switzerland and Prince Lorenz of Austria-Este works at the Gutzwiller bank. The Bank for International Settlements must be investigated and closed. The Gutzwiller family is one of the leading banking families in Switzerland, owning its own private bank and managing 35 other Swiss banks. The Swiss Guard is a military body in charge of the security of the Pope and the Holy See. The ceremonial head of the Swiss Guard is the Pope, sovereign of Vatican City. Italian mafias are Rome's enforcers involved in extortion, money laundering, murder and drug trafficking, and they pay their dues to the Sicilian mafia, which in turn pays them to the black nobility. The mafia channels its earnings and tributes to the Black Nobility through the Vatican charitable foundations and then from the Vatican bank they are transferred to the private accounts of the Swiss Bank. The Savoy’s Genovese crime family specializes in extorting Wall Street. The mafia is rigging professional sports for gambling and they also launder their criminal winnings through the casinos. The Torlonia family owns the Kansas City crime family and shares ownership of the Pittsburgh crime family with the Borghese family of Rome and the Rocco di Torrepadula family of Sicily. The French House of Orleans owns the New Orleans crime family and the Franco-British Beaufort family oversees and owns the Dixie Mafia factions along with other British peers who have French ancestry. Cox's billionaire family is involved in multimedia communications and is part of the owners of the Dixie mob, which is involved in tobacco and ginseng sales as well as arms, drug and human trafficking. The Goldsmith and Sassoon families own Pakistani and Hindu human trafficking networks operating in the United Kingdom. The Imperial House of Brazil, Orleans-Braganza and the Belgian House of Ligne are married and have shares in the Brazilian companies AmBev and Belgian Anheuser-Busch InBev. The House of Orleans-Braganza owns Brazilian drug cartels that are also involved in human trafficking. The Sforza family owns the Stidda Mafia clans operating in the Sforza-Visconti territory in Milan and the Sforza and Visconti families have greater control over the Italian Stock Exchange or the Milan Stock Exchange. Milanese billionaire Silvio Berlusconi works for the Sforza and Visconti families and has a monopoly on Italian media and politics. Berlusconi founded the Forza political party in Italy named after the Sforzas. Some northern Italian nobles such as the Visconti, Borromeo, Este, Gonzaga, Valenti, D’Adda, and Passi di Preposulo families are closely related to billionaire families such as the Rothschilds, Agnellis, Benettons, Armanis, and Ferreros. The Sforza and Visconti families own the Seattle crime family with the Gaetani family as partial owners. The Seattle crime family controls billionaires Bill Gates and Jeff Bezos through blackmail. In 2017, Microsoft and Amazon employees were caught in a sex trafficking scandal.
The Colonna family owns the Knights of Columbus and also owns the Colombo crime family and partially owns the Chicago Outfit along with the Capponi and Roselli families of the Florence Turk. Al Capone was an agent of the House of Capponi and John Roselli was an agent of the Roselli del Turco family. Roselli also worked for the CIA. Colonna means column like Colombo and Colón. The Knights of Columbus infiltrate police departments and work with the Italian mafia. The Massimo and Gaetani families own and run the Gambino crime family and the Philadelphia crime family. The Massimo-Brancaccio family also owns and runs the Magliana or Roman Mafia and the Armed Revolutionary Nuclei, as well as the Graviano de Brancaccio crime family in Palermo, Sicily, which is part of the Corleonisi mafia clan. The Massimo family receives tribute from most of the Italian crime families and even from the Russian mafia and Eastern European mafias. The Massimo de Roccasecca family, who live in London, own the Clerkenwell crime syndicate, also known as the Adams Family or the London A-team and are part owners of the Irish Mafia, including the Rathkeale Rovers. The Borghese family is also the main owner of the Sicilian Mafia and the Mafia Magliana. The Lucchesi-Palli and Pallavicini families own the Lucchese crime family to which the Russian mafia in Brighton Beach pays tribute. The Pallavicini family owns the Armenian mafia that operates in Hollywood and works closely with the Kardashian family. The Romanovs are partial owners of the Russian mafia and have established several residences in the United States. The Giustiniani family oversee the Philadelphia Greek Mafia along with some Greek merchants. Royal and noble families finance organized crime. The Jewish Mafia reorganized into a white collar crime and worked with the black hand of the Italian Mafia. The head of the Jewish mafia in the United States is billionaire Michael Bloomberg. Leon Black is another one of the leading Jewish mobsters in New York. The Jewish Mafia participates in professional sports with white-collar mobsters such as Daniel Gilbert, Robert Kraft, Joshua Harris, Tom Werner, Jerry Reinsdorf, George Kaiser, Peter Guber, Joe Lacob, Mark Cuban, and Micky Arison. The European Union is based on the Treaty of Rome that was signed at the Capitol in Rome. The president of the European Central Bank is Mario Draghi, born in Rome and educated by the Jesuits at the Massimo Institute. Mario Draghi is an undercover relative of the Borghese and Del Drago families. The Erba-Odescalchi family with ancestry from Cernobbio, Italy, runs CERN with the Roman Fabiola Gianotti as CERN Director General that is used to generate pressure in the lower atmosphere in order to oppress society. CERN, HAARP, The Church of Scientology, Chemtrails and electronic devices are being used to covertly oppress society. The US military administers a HAARP electronic harassment system in Puerto Rico that is controlled from Guantanamo Bay in Cuba, which is under the command of Captain David Culpepper. The CIA and the Italian Mafia have a large criminal operation in Cuba. The CIA and Cosa Nostra work closely to this day.
Islamic royal families were named after European royalty in the 19th and 20th centuries and especially after the First World War. Middle Eastern royalty run the oil industry and use their massive wealth to fund globalist agendas that allow them to rule their nations. The house of Saud is worth at least a billion. The House of Thani and the House of Al Khalifa work with the House of Saud and are also wealthy oil traders. Royals from the Middle East run the Muslim Brotherhood and the Five Percent and the Nation of Islam, which are violent mobs of cult and harassment. These organizations need to be investigated and banned. They also own an Arab mob that is based in New Jersey and Detroit. The royal family of Morocco are wealthy merchants and owners of the Abergil crime family of Israel and Morocco. The House of Bourbon and Spanish nobility such as the Osorio, Fitz James, Alvarez (Alba), Pignatelli, Arteaga, Borja, Zuniga, Ruspoli, and Aragon-Escobar families own the majority of the Mexican and South American drug cartels. The Osorio and Borja families own MS-13. The Borgia and Borja families are also partial owners of the Mongels motorcycle gang. The Bourbons own the Gulf Cartel and the Lating Kings. The Ruspolis are partial owners of the Sinaloa Cartel and the Primeiro Comando da Capital in Sao Paulo, where their Matarazzo cousins ​​reside. The FitzJames and Alvarez families own the Los Zetas Cartel. The Álvarez and Osorio families also own the Bandidos motorcycle gang. The House of Bourbons are the founders and owners of Banco Santander. The King of Spain has the official right to the throne as King of Jerusalem.
submitted by zzliberated to conspiracy [link] [comments]

What is Economic Rent and Why You, a Neoliberal, Should Hate it.

As the election winds down, and this subreddit starts to pivot back to discussions about economic policies, I thought I would be appropriate for me to help chip in. This is my first Effortpost, so please forgive me if it's not very good or needs work.
To understand this topic, lets go back to the year 1905. Edward Cannan writes in the Oxford University Press that produce of the community is distributed into three or four different categories: Rent, Wage*, Interest, and Profit. Of course, this idea was not new and can be dated back to the works of Adam Smith. Smith similarly divided Income into three separate categories: Profit, Wage, and Rent. Lets break these terms down and take a closer look at each item.

PROFIT:

As wikipedia succinctly puts it), profit is the difference between the revenue a business has received from its outputs and the opportunity costs of its inputs. In simpler terms, profit is the reward for putting capital at risk.
For those of you who have read Why Nations Fail, you are probably familiar with the Venetian system of commenda contracts. These contracts formed a rudimentary type of joint stock company, which formed only for the duration of a single trading mission. A commenda involved two partners, a “sedentary” one who stayed in Venice and one who traveled. The sedentary partner put capital into the venture, while the traveling partner accompanied the cargo.
While many socialists would decry someone getting rich off of another persons work, under good economic systems an investor is rewarded for putting their capital at risk. Otherwise there would be no incentive for an individual to invest in new ventures or technologies. Why would Thomas Newcomen waist his time developing the steam engine if he knew he would never be repaid for his time and capital spent?
(For all intents and purposes, we generally include interest here, as lending is often viewed very similarly to profit)

WAGES:

As mentioned above, the commenda contracts typically had two partners. A sedentary partner who put capital into the venture, and a traveling partner who accompanied the cargo and facilitated trade. The traveler would then be rewarded 25% of the profit. To be crass: Nobody works for free.
I could expand on this section further, but I don't reckon anybody here thinks people should not be fairly compensated for their time and energy spent working.

RENT:

Alright, so we understand that profit is necessary to reward people for risking capital, and we understand that wages need to be paid to reward people for hard work. But what about rent?
Economic rent can broadly be defined as an amount of money earned that exceeds that which is economically or socially necessary. Kind of a vague description, I know... In simpler terms, Economic Rent is money paid in excess of the cost of producing a good.
As Investopedia puts it: economic rents should not be confused with normal profits or surpluses that arise in the course of competitive capitalist production. This term also differs from the traditional use of the word "rent," which applies to payments received in exchange for temporary use of a particular good or property, such as land or housing. It's a little bit of a tricky term, so I strongly encourage everyone to read more about it here.

EXAMPLES OF ECONOMIC RENT:

Alright, so maybe you skipped the link and your still a little confused as to what economic rent is. Hopefully showing some examples should clarify things a bit.

Land Rent:

As we said above, economic rent is the money earned that exceeds the cost (including profit) of producing that good/service. Let's you own an empty plot of land, it costs $0 per year to maintain that plot of land. If you then rented out that land to a company for $1,000 a month, that money would be pure economic rent. You did not risk capital, and you did not work hard to earn anything. You simply produce profit off of a natural resource.
To quote Adam Smith: "As soon as the land of any country has all become private property, the landlords, like all other men, love to reap where they never sowed, and demand a rent even for its natural produce. The wood of the forest, the grass of the field, and all the natural fruits of the earth, which, when land was in common, cost the labourer only the trouble of gathering them, come, even to him, to have an additional price fixed upon them. He must then pay for the licence to gather them; and must give up to the landlord a portion of what his labour either collects or produces. This portion, or, what comes to the same thing, the price of this portion, constitutes the rent of land .... "
Henry George fans are all to familiar with this form of land rents. They are typically upset that land speculators grow wealthy by hording a scare resource, and charging rents to wage earners to the point where the wage earner is barely making above subsistence. In today's society, a property owner who bought a house in California for $100k in the 90's is now likely charging $5K per month to a software developer for rent. The land owner did nothing to contribute to society here and is simply extracting the hard earned wages from the wage earner.

Monopolies:

Monopoly rent refers to the situation wherein a monopoly producer lacks competition and thus can sell its goods and services at a price far above the otherwise competitive market price would be, at the expense of consumers. A few weeks ago, a fellow /Neoliberal user wrote an amazing effort post regarding CON Laws in healthcare. If you can remove competition, you can sell goods far above the cost of producing that good. This amounts to half(ish) of our problem with healthcare today. When hospitals don't have to compete, on price, you can expect price gouging to occur. I'm sure I don't need to remind people here how miserable life was prior to Teddy Roosevelt breaking up monopolies...

Political Legislation (Subsidies/Regulation):

As politicians write subsidies and regulations, these legislation's amount to economic rent. Let's say Trump gives $40B to soybean farmers because it is politically convenient. This is unearned money that is being paid to farmers, at the expense of the taxpayer. While it is important to subsidize some industries that will lead to future innovation (Solar, Machine Learning, Technology, etc.), subsidies account as nothing more than a tax on the taxpayer, and a giveaway to the industry it benefits (Cars, Coal, Corn, Oil, Soy, Etc.).
Political legislation also incurs economic rent through artificial scarcity. One such example is through Occupational Licensing. Doctors, dentists, airline pilots, and many other fields require licensing to practice. However, in many U.S. states, this licensing process is expensive and time-consuming. Often, regulations exist due to past lobbying efforts from existing industry members. If certification and license obligations prevent newcomers from competing, fewer professionals may share the revenue. Thus, a more significant portion of money accrues to each existing member without additional economic benefit. Also, since limits to competition can be a driver for prices, consumers may be required to pay more.
Remember how I said Monopoly rent is half the equation why healthcare costs are so high in this country? Occupational Licensing and physician scarcity is the other reason why healthcare costs are so high. When the barriers of entry are so high, and physicians are as scarce as they are, you can expect to pay a high premium for these services. This is why salaries for physicians often climbs into the mid to high six-figure range.

SO WHY IS ECONOMIC RENT BAD?

By now, you've probably already know why economic rent and rent seeking is bad. Amazingly, every policy on the subreddits side-bar is combatting a form of economic rent in one form or another. Well, except maybe Trans Rights. Economic rent is where all the gains in productivity have gone. You would expect with the high degree of automation we see today, that poverty would be eliminated and goods and consumer products would be ample. But instead you see most people struggling just to make it through to the next paycheck.
As Henry George puts it: "At the beginning of this marvelous era it was natural to expect, and it was expected, that labor-saving inventions would lighten the toil and improve the condition of the laborer; that the enormous increase in the power of producing wealth would make real poverty a thing of the past. … It is true that disappointment has followed disappointment, and that discovery upon discovery, and invention after invention, have neither lessened the toil of those who most need respite, nor brought plenty to the poor. [...] The real trouble must be that supply is somehow prevented from satisfying demand, that somewhere there is an obstacle which prevents labor from producing the things that laborers want."
As what Adam Smith, Henry George, and Milton Friedman all found, that Obstacle is Economic Rent.
submitted by Not-A-Seagull to neoliberal [link] [comments]

Celebrating Women in Assassin’s Creed [Spoilers], #ACSisterhood

In celebration of #ACSisterhood, I decided to note the many women in Assassin’s Creed. From the games, to written media, and even a movie, there are some amazing women characters in this franchise. Hopefully in the future, we’ll be able to add a solo female main protagonist to this list. I’ve thoroughly enjoyed the many male characters we’ve had, but it’s beyond time to have a single female lead. Please join me in celebrating these women as part of the #ACSisterhood!
Please note, there may be some spoilers here. The list is long, and I hope I haven’t forgotten too many. And I’ll quickly mention Eivor here as Assassin’s Creed Valhalla has not been released yet, but she seems like she’ll be a very important character. I hope you all will enjoy reading through this. Here we go!
Modern Day:
*Rebecca Crane - An Assassin and the creator of the Animus 2.0 aka “Baby”, part of the team who trained Desmond Miles
*Lucy Stillman - Both an Assassin and a Templar, worked with Warren Vidic on the Animus Project, worked with Desmond to help him synchronize with his ancestors
*Bishop - A codename, was the handler for the Initiates (“Hello, Initiate”), worked to sabotage the Templars
*Layla Hassan - Considered to be very smart, modded her portable Animus, worked for Abstergo but later joined the Assassins
*Melanie Lemay - A Templar, was the CCO for Abstergo Entertainment, also was the Sample 17 Project Supervisor
*Violet da Costa - A Templar, and a member of The Instruments of the First Will, worked closely with Juhani Otso Berg on Sigma Team
*Isabelle Ardant - A member of the Inner Sanctum of the Templar Order, Head of Historical Research at Abstergo Industries
*Galina Voronina - Very resourceful Master Assassin, member of the Altair II crew, recruited and trained Assassins, she was the last of the Russian Assassins
*Laetitia England - Head of the Operations Division of Abstergo Industries, member of the Inner Sanctum
*Victoria Bibeau - Was a Templar but later joined the Assassins and worked with Layla in discovering Atlantis
*Alannah Ryan (voice) - A multilingual Assassin, Layla’s team historian
*Deanna Geary (voice) - A friend and doctor of Layla, worked with Layla when they were tasked with finding an artifact in Egypt
*Animus (voice) - I’ll always hear “Loading” when I think of the Animus voice (love those Truth glyph puzzles!)
Isu:
*Juno - An Isu scientist, member of the Capitoline Triad, worshipped by the Instruments of the First Will, was considered to be one of the main antagonists of the series
*Minerva - An Isu scientist, member of the Capitoline Triad, tries to warn Desmond of Juno’s plot to enslave the world
*Aletheia - Dikastes of Atlantis, did not believe in the divinity of the Isu, created simulations from her memories to help the Keeper learn to use the Staff of Hermes Trismegistus (a Piece of Eden).
Assassin’s Creed:
*Maria Thorpe - Decoy for the Templar Robert de Sablé, married Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad, at first a Templar she later joined the Assassins
Assassin’s Creed II:
*Maria Auditore - An Assassin, mother of Master Assassin & Mentor Ezio Auditore
*Claudia Auditore - Sister of Ezio, savvy businesswoman, lead the Italian Assassins while Ezio was away on his journey to find Masyaf
*Cristina Vespucci - Young love of Ezio Auditore, helped Ezio with the death rites of his father and brothers
*Paola - Leader of the Florentine courtesans, an Assassin, taught Ezio ways to be stealthy
*Rosa - Member of the Venetian Thieves Guild and later an Assassin, helped Ezio with her famous climb leap ability
*Teodora Contanto - Leader of the Venetian courtesans, founded her own brothel, an Assassin
*Caterina Sforza - Countess of Forli, ally of the Assassins, fiercely independent
*Eve - Proto Assassin, leader of the human rebellion against the Isu
*Annetta - House maid for the Auditore family, helped the surviving Auditore members get to safety at her sister, Paola’s, place
*Bianca - Couldn’t forget to mention the sword that Bartolomeo d’Alviano loved so much!
Assassin’s Creed Brotherhood:
*Pantasilea Baglioni - smart wife of Bartolomeo d’Alviano, introduced Ezio to Assassin contracts
*Lucrezia Borgia - a Templar, daughter of Rodrigo Borgia, brother of Cesare Borgia, Duchess of Ferrara
Assassin’s Creed Revelations:
*Sofia Sartor - Wife of Ezio Auditore, businesswoman, scholarly and intelligent
*Dilara - Ottoman spy, worked with Ezio to rid the Templars from the area
Assassin’s Creed III:
*Kaniehtí:io - a Kanien'kehá:ka warrior, known as Ziio, mother of Ratonhnhaké:ton, ally of the Templar Haytham Kenway in killing Edward Braddock
*Oiá:ner - Clan Mother, protector of their village, showed the Crystal Ball (a Piece of Eden) to Ratonhnhaké:ton, sent him on his journey to meet the Assassin Achilles Davenport
*Deborah Carter - known as Dobby, one of Connor’s Colonial Assassin recruits
*Prudence, Myriam, Ellen, Catherine, Diana, and Corrine - Women on the Homestead, all helped Connor and the people on the Homestead
Assassin’s Creed Liberation:
*Aveline de Grandpré - An Assassin of French & African heritage, worked to free slaves in the area, infiltrated the Templars to ultimately remove them from New Orleans
*Jeanne - A former slave, Mother of Aveline de Grandpré, escaped to Chichen Itza and stayed there to help the local community
*Elise Lafleur - A smuggler on the Louisiana Bayou, ally of Aveline de Grandpré
*Madeleine de L’Isle - Master Templar of the Louisiana Rite, stepmother of Aveline de Grandpré, considered by the Templars to be one of the “Great Minds in History”
Assassin’s Creed IV, Black Flag:
*Mary Read - A member of the West Indies Assassins, one of the founders of the Pirate Republic in Nassau, a strong influence in the character growth of Edward Kenway
*Anne Bonny - A pirate in the West Indies, close friend of Edward Kenway, quartermaster of the Jackdaw
*Caroline Scott-Kenway - Wife of Edward Kenway, independent, chose to marry Edward instead of a man she was “promised” to, raised Jennifer alone while Edward was off playing pirate, umm privateer
*Jennifer Scott - Daughter of Edward & Caroline, kept the surname Scott from her mother, was kidnapped by the Templars and enslaved as a concubine & servant, despite her own troubles believed the Templars & Assassins should work together
*Rhona Dinsmore - Led the Assassin Bureau in Havana, teamed up with Edward in eliminating the Templar Hilary Flint, was asked to look after the Crystal Skull when Edward was trying locate the Templar Grand Master Laureano de Torres y Ayala
*Opía Apito - Led the Assassin Bureau on the Cayman Islands, teamed up with Edward in eliminating the Templar Lucia Márquez, strong believer in personal freedom
*Lucia Márquez - A resourceful thief, lived on the streets and supported herself until she joined the Templars
*Jing Lang - A pirate and a Templar, traveled the world and had a skill for languages
Assassin’s Creed IV, Black Flag, Freedom Cry dlc:
*Bastienne Josèphe - A free businesswoman of color, owner & madam of a brothel, supporter of the Maroon Rebellion, ally of the Templars using the money she earned to free slaves,
Assassin’s Creed Rogue:
*Hope Jensen - A Colonial Assassin, an Assassin instructor, was a leader among many of the gangs in New York
*Cassidy Finnegan - Mother of a Templar who had died, along with her husband was asked by the Templar George Monro to care for a wounded Shay Cormac, gave Shay their son’s Templar outfit
*Onatah - Clan Mother of Orenda an Oneida village, told Shay of the legend of the Sky Woman and how he can obtain the Native Armor
Assassin’s Creed Unity:
*Elise de la Serre - Daughter of the French Templar Grand Master, met with Jennifer Scott and agreed to use the letters written by Haytham Kenway for peace between Assassins & Templars, with Arno’s help proceeded to remove the Templars from power involved in her father’s death
*Marie Lévesque - Born into a distinguished family of Templars, supported Francois-Thomas Germain when he was expelled from the Templar Order, was responsible for the grain shortage leading to the events of the French Revolution
*Sophie Trenet - French Master Assassin, member of the Assassin Council, advocate for freedom of the oppressed
*Théroigne de Méricourt - Activist during the French Revolution, strong advocate for rights for women, defended the poor, an ally of the Assassins
*Charlotte Gouze - A French Assassin, manager of the Café Théâtre, recommended missions to Arno to stop crimes and to save their Assassin informants
Assassin’s Creed Unity, Dead Kings dlc:
*Madame Margot - A kind hearted woman who ran an orphanage taking in abandoned children, was sympathetic to Arno’s depression, a mother figure to an orphan boy named Léon
Assassin’s Creed Syndicate:
*Evie Frye - A Master Assassin, pursued Pieces of Eden in London, along with her brother removed the Grand Master Templar Crawford Starrick from power, later put an end to the Jack the Ripper murders
*Clara O’Dea - Young ally of the Assassins, oversaw a network of street orphans, provided information to the Assassins in exchange for their help in liberating children working in factories
*Pearl Attaway - A Templar, owner of Attaway Transport, shrewd businesswoman, turned down a marriage proposal from her cousin Crawford Starrick to keep the business in her name, not afraid to use others to get what she wanted
*Florence Nightingale - Founder of modern nursing, introduced social reforms for improved healthcare, ally of the Assassins
*Lucy Thorne - British Templar in London, Crawford Starrick’s right hand woman, expert in the occult and the Pieces of Eden,
*Mary Anne Disraeli - Wife of Benjamin DIsraeli British Prime Minister, feisty and outspoken, participated in charity functions, prominent in British society
*Queen Victoria - Queen of the United Kingdom, longest reign of any British monarch (for that time), aided the Assassins, bestowed the Order of the Sacred Garter honor upon Evie & Jacob Frye and Henry Green
*Lydia Frye - British Assassin, granddaughter of Jacob Frye and grand-niece of Evie Frye, worked with Winston Churchill in protecting the city of London from the Templars and spies during WWI
*Agnes MacBean - Owner of a train she called “Bertha”, agreed to work for the Frye twins, took care of the upgrades on the train that served as a hideout for the Assassins
*Blighter Templar gang leaders - Bloody Nora, Lilla Graves, Octavia Plumb, Edith Swinebourne
Assassin’s Creed Syndicate, Jack the Ripper dlc:
*Nellie - A prostitute in London, assisted Evie Frye in freeing the brothels from the influence of the Rooks who were in Jack the Ripper’s service,
*Lady O (Olwyn Owers) - Ally of Jack the Ripper, took over brothels to use the information obtained by the prostitutes to blackmail clients, presented herself publicly as concerned with the “unfortunates” or “fallen women”
Assassin’s Creed Origins:
*Aya/Amunet - Co-founder of the Hidden Ones, wife of Bayek of Siwa, allied herself with Cleopatra, worked to eliminate the Order of the Ancients, later referred to herself as Amunet and was credited for the death of Cleopatra, is immortalized with a statue in the Sanctuary of the Auditore Villa in Monteriggioni
*Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator - Last pharaoh of Egypt, charismatic and intelligent, allied herself with prominent men and was often in relationships with them as a means to further her own goals
*Berenike - Member of the Order of Ancients known as the “Crocodile”, fiercely protective of the Order, ruler of the Faiyum Nome
*Khaliset - Member of the Order of Ancients known as the “Hyena”, studied the ancient symbols in the Isu vault below Khufu’s Pyramid, tamed hyenas and was skilled with a bow
*Praxilla - A healer in Cyrenaica, worked to heal the poor in her father’s clinic in Balagrae, was a part of Cyrene's Triumvirate,
*Kensa - An old friend of Bayek of Siwa, was a gladiatrix in the arena in Krokodilopolis, teamed up with Bayek in the arena
*Tahira - One of the first members of the Hidden Ones, old friend of Bayek of Siwa, protected Egyptian wildlife in the Nile Delta, established a Hidden Ones bureau in Klysma Nome in the Sinai
*Taimhotep - Wife of the High Priest in Memphis, deeply religious, requested Bayek’s help in participating in a ritual to save her unborn child
Assassin’s Creed Origins, The Hidden Ones dlc:
*Shaqilat - Member of the Hidden Ones in Sinai, freed the slaves in the Klysma Quarry, was present when Bayek & Amunet presented the tenets
Assassin’s Creed Origins, The Curse of the Pharaohs dlc:
*Tahemet - An Egyptian antiquarian and historian, an associate of Bayek of Siwa, helped him in his investigation of the Curse of the Pharaohs
*Isidora - A High Priestess called the God’s Wife of the Amun at the Temple of Karnak, conjured a curse to take revenge against tomb robbers who killed her mother
Assassin’s Creed Odyssey:
*Kassandra - Known as the “Eagle Bearer”, a Spartan misthios (mercenary), granddaughter of King Leonidas I of Sparta, opposed the Order of Ancients, defeated the Cult of Kosmos, mother of Elpidios
*Phoibe - An Athenian orphan, young friend and protégé of Kassasndra, street smart, worked for Aspasia
*Myrrine - Mother of Kassandra and Alexios, daughter of King Leonidas I of Sparta, known as the “Phoenix” while in hiding, leader of Naxos, with Kassandra’s help exposed one of the Spartan kings as a member of the Cult of Kosmos,
*Aspasia - An Athenian hetaera, lover and companion of Perikles, had great influence over Athenian politics, was the Ghost of Kosmos
*Kyra - Greek rebellion leader on Mykonos, was the daughter of Podarkes - a member of the Cult of Kosmos, was skilled in archery and hunting,
*Chrysis - Priestess of Hera, member of the Cult of Kosmos, took infants including baby Alexios from Myrrine and raised them to serve the Cult of Kosmos, felt by doing so she greatly strengthened the Cult
*Diona - A Priestess of Aphrodite, a member of the Cult of Kosmos, tasks Kassandra with a number of jobs that ultimately clears the way to kill her own twin sister
*Xenia - A Greek pirate, associate of Aspasia, sailed for a while with the Phoenix, overtook the town of Koressia on Keos and made the local temple of Athena as her hideout, searched for legendary treasures
*Anthousa - A hetaera, an associate of the Athenian statesman Alkibiades, assisted Kassandra in the search for Myrrine in exchange for Kassandra’s help in eliminating the Monger who was a member of the Cult of Kosmos
*Bryce - The lover of Ligeia who was a member of the Daughters of Artemis, asked for Kassandra’s help in rescuing her lover from the Writhing Dread not realizing Ligeia was Medusa herself
*Odessa - An adventurer from Megaris, claimed to be a descendant of Odysseus, was a target of The Master who was a member of the Cult of Kosmos, requested help from Kassandra to aid her sick father
*The Pythia - The Oracle of Delphi, the High Priestess in the Temple of Apollo, her prophecies were always highly regarded and very influential
*Praxithea - Formerly the Pythia, forced by the Cult of Kosmos to prophesize in the Cult’s favor, was later remorseful of the role she played
*Daphnae - The leader of the Daughters of Artemis, tasks Kassandra with hunting down all the Legendary Beasts
*Roxana - A champion from Hydrea, participated in the Battle of One Hundred Hands - a tournament,
*Aikaterine - An Athenian hetaera, muse of the actor Thespis, asks Kassandra for help in killing Commander Rhexenor who was a member of the Cult of Kosmos
*Cultists (various branches) - Sotera, Nyx the Shadow, The Chimera, The Octopus, Zoisme, Iokaste the Seer, Deianeira, Deimos (is Kassandra if you choose to play the game as Alexios)
Assassin’s Creed Odyssey, Legacy of the First Blade dlc:
*Neema - (If you choose the play the game as Alexios), daughter of Darius, lover of Alexios, mother of Elpidios
*Kleta - A Greek woman living in Achaia, had influence in the village of Boura, was questioned by the Order about seeing Kassandra and Darius, mother of Phila
*Phila - Known as the “Tempest”, a Magus of the Order of the Storm which was a branch of the Order of Ancients, captain of the Skylla
Assassin’s Creed Odyssey, The Fate of Atlantis dlc:
*Persephone - An Isu, daughter of Zeus, wife of Hades, ruled the Elysium realm, appears in the simulation created by Aletheia
Hekate - An Isu, worshipped in Greek mythology as a goddess of magic & necromancy, resided in Elysium, friend of Persephone, appears in the simulation created by Aletheia
*Elpis - A human who appears in Aletheia’s simulation, lover of Atlas, hoped to influence the politics of Atlantis and ease the tensions between the Isu and humans, created a device that turned her into a hybrid, became an Archon of Atlantis
Assassin’s Creed Chronicles:
China:
*Shao Jun - Master Assassin from China, a former concubine, fled to Italy after the Assassins were purged to seek out help from Ezio Auditore, returned to China and restored the Chinese Brotherhood becoming its Mentor, well known for her hidden foot blade and rope darts
*Empress Zhang - Second wife of the Emperor, childhood friend of Shao Jun, chose to remain behind when Shao Jun came to rescue her and the concubines
India :
*Pyara Kaur - Daughter of Maharaja Kharak Singh, wife of Assassin Arbaaz Mir, mother of Jayadeep Mir (Henry Green), activated the Koh-i-Noor
*Iltani - Assassinated Alexander the Great, she left scrolls about her mission which are read by Arbaaz Mir, honored with a statue in the Sanctuary in the Auditore Villa in Monteriggioni
Russia:
*Anastasia Romanova - A Russian princess, last surviving member of the Romanov family, under the protection of the Russian Assassin Nikolai Orelov, bonded with the memories of Shao Jun through contact of Ezio’s Precursor Box
Assassin’s Creed Multiplayer:
AC Brotherhood - Courtesan, Dama Rossa, Hellequin, Smuggler, Thief
AC Revelations - Brigand, Corsair, Courtesan, Thespian, Trickster, Vanguard
AC III - The Independent, Lady Maverick, Pioneer
AC IV Black Flag - Fire Brand, Lady Black, Orchid, Puppeteer, Rebel, Siren
Assassin’s Creed (movie):
*Sofia Rikkin - A Templar scientist, Head of the Abstergo Foundation Rehabilitation Center, an idealist looking to use Pieces of Eden to create a place of peace for humanity
*Ellen Kaye - Templar member of the Council of Elders, chairwoman on the Board of Directors of Abstergo Industries
*Lin - An Assassin test subject held at the Abstergo Foundation Rehabilitation Center, worked with Callum Lynch in assassinating Alan Rikkin
Comics & Novels:
(Please note - just as I didn’t repeatedly mention a character if they made an appearance in more than one game, I’m not repeating characters that appear in both the games and in the comics & novels.)
Charlotte de la Cruz, Quila, Jennifer Query, My’shell Lemair, Florencia, Durga, Maggie, Elsie, Dorothy Osborne, Glaucia Acosta, Hannah Mueller, Monima Das, Siobahn Dhami, Leila, Lisa de Giocondo, Io:nhiòte, Alice, Julia Dusk, Zhang Zhi, Natalya Aliyev, Grace Collins, Mitsuko Nakamura, Joan of Arc, Agneta Reider, Anaya Chodary, Kulpreet, Eliza, Adelina Patti, Azize, Elisa Adler, Julia Gorm, Nathalie Chapman
Various factions/groups that contain women:
Beggars - AC (original game)
Courtesans - ACII, AC Brotherhood
Romani - AC Revelations
Assassin Recruits - AC Brotherhood, AC Revelations
“Dancers” - AC Black Flag
Assassins - AC Black Flag (in the Assassin Stronghold in Tulum)
Assassin Stalkers - AC Rogue
Rooks - AC Syndicate
Unfortunates or Fallen Women - AC Syndicate
Hetaerae - AC Odyssey
Fun fact on AC Brotherhood:
You can activate the Sisterhood cheat in game when you 100% complete all memories of Sequence 4. Activating this cheat will make all the Assassins Recruits female.
Final notes & thoughts:
*A big thank you to the Assassin’s Creed Wiki for being a great source of information.
*Also, thank you to Lacrossedeamon for assistance with the list of women in the comics. I greatly appreciate it. <3
*A warm shout out to all the developers and creators who have brought all these women to life in the games and other media. Keep up the great work! Can’t wait to see more female characters in future Assassin’s Creed games & media.
*This post was not created to slight or diminish any of the male characters in the series, but rather to celebrate the achievements of the females. I adore the male characters, absolutely love them. (Edward Kenway will always be my favorite.) I simply wanted to spotlight the accomplishments of the women, in hopes that we will one day be able to welcome a sole female protagonist in the games. This is my way of lending support for #ACSisterhood!
submitted by WhiteWolfWhispers to assassinscreed [link] [comments]

Til the Kohinoor diamond when first mined was placed as left eye of the idol of Ma Bhadrakali in Bhadrakali Temple in Warangal by the Kakatiyas. Ranjit Singh decreed to donate it to temple on his death, but it was taken by the British in war after Ranjit Singh's death.

Kakatiya rulers who ruled most of the Telugu speaking lands covered by current day Telangana and Andhra Pradesh states in India between 1083 CE to 1323 CE, with Orugallu (now Warangal), as its capital posessed this diamond.
King Pulakesi II of Chalukya dynasty around 625 AD to commemorate his victory over Vengi region of Andhra Desam, constructed Goddess Bhadrakali temple and later Kakatiyas kept this as left eye of the idol, when they adopted her as their “Kula Devatha” giving her preference over other gods.
When the Tughlaq dynasty replaced the Khiljī dynasty in 1320 AD, Ghiyāth al-Dīn Tughluq sent his commander Ulūgh Khān in 1323 to defeat the Kākatīya king Prātaparuḑra. Ulūgh Khān’s raid was repulsed but he returned in a month with a larger and determined army. The unprepared army of Kakātīya was defeated this time and the diamond was seized by the champion army of the Delhi Sultanate.
It was then owned by the Tughlaq Dynasty and Lodī Dynasty, and finally came into the possession of Bābur himself in 1526. He called the stone ‘the Diamond of Bābur‘ at the time, although it had been called by other names before he seized it from Ibrāhīm Lodī. Both Bābur and Humāyūn mention in their memoirs the origins of ‘the Diamond of Bābur‘. The last of the Tomaras, Man Singh Tomar, negotiated peace with Sikandar Lodī, Sultan of Delhi and became a vassal of the Delhi Sultanate. A 1757 miniature of Emir Ahmad Shāh Durrānī, in which the Koh-i-Noor diamond is seen hanging on the front of his crown, above his forehead.
Humāyūn had much bad luck throughout his life. Sher Shāh Sūrī, who defeated Humāyūn, died in the flames of a burst cannon. Humāyūn’s son, Akbar, never kept the diamond with him and later only Shāh Jahān took it out of his treasury. Akbar’s grandson, Shāh Jahān was overthrown by his own son, Aurangzēb.
Shah Jahan, famous for building the Taj Mahal in Agra, had the stone placed into his ornate Peacock Throne. His son, Aurangazēb, imprisoned his ailing father at nearby Agra Fort. While in the possession of Aurangazēb, it was cut by Hortenso Borgia, a Venetian lapidary, who was so clumsy that he reduced the weight of the stone to 186 carats, while the original diamond was 793 carats. Legend has it that he had the Koh-i-Noor positioned near a window so that Shāh Jahān could see the Tāj Mahal only by looking at its reflection in the stone. Aurangazēb later brought it to his capital Lahore and placed it in his own personal Bādshāhī Mosque. There it stayed until the invasion of Nādir Shāh of Iran in 1739 and the sacking of Agra and Delhi. Along with the Peacock Throne, he also carried off the Koh-i-Noor to Persia in 1739. It was allegedly Nādir Shāh who exclaimed Koh-i-Noor! when he finally managed to obtain the famous stone, and this is how the stone gained its present name. There is no reference to this name before 1739.
The valuation of the Koh-i-Noor is given in the legend that one of Nādir Shāh’s consorts supposedly said, “If a strong man should take five stones, and throw one north, one south, one east, and one west, and the last straight up into the air, and the space between filled with gold and gems, that would equal the value of the Koh-i-Noor.”
After the assassination of Nādir Shāh in 1747, the stone came into the hands of his general, Ahmad Shāh Durrānī of Afghanistan. In 1830, Shujāh Shāh Durrānī, the deposed ruler of Afghanistan, managed to flee with the diamond. He went to Lahore where Ranjīt Singh forced him to surrender it.
Ranjīt Singh was crowned ruler of the Punjab region. In 1829 on his death bed, according to custom in India, Ranjith Singh wished to donate the diamond to a temple. He wanted to donate it to Lord Jagannath of the Puri temple in Odisha. However, after his death in 1839 the British administrators did not execute his will. On 29 March 1849, the British raised their flag on the citadel of Lahore and the Punjab was formally proclaimed part of the British Empire in India. One of the terms of the Treaty of Lahore, the legal agreement formalising this occupation, was as follows:
The gem called the Koh-i-Noor which was surrenderd by Shah Shuja-ul-Mulk to Maharajah Ranjit Singh and then surrendered by the Maharajah of Lahore to the Queen of England.
The Governor-General in charge of the ratification for this treaty was Lord Dalhousie and he arranged that the diamond be presented by Maharaja Ranjīt Singh’s young successor, Dulīp Singh, to Queen Victoria in 1850. Dulīp Singh was the youngest son of Ranjīt Singh and his fifth wife Maharani Jind Kaur. Dulīp, aged 13, travelled to the United Kingdom to present the jewel. The presentation of the Koh-i-Noor and the Timur ruby to Queen Victoria was the latest in the long history of transfers of the stones as a spoil of war.Going by the journey covered by Koh-i-Noor diamond since 1306, it can be said that whichever king had it in its possession, met an early death. In fact, it is written that the stone is a harbinger of misfortune for male wearers–only God or a woman can wear it without harm. After goddess Bhadrakali, only the British Queen Elizabeth II could possess it without incurring serious harm; though it should be noted that the British empire faced decline a few years after the diamond went into its custody. To avoid any untoward happening, and knowing well the curse carried by the diamond, the queen avoids wearing the crown studded with Koh-i-Noor diamond.
As for the Bhadrakali Temple we see today, after facing much plundering and damage in the last centuries, the temple was restored in the 1950s by an ardent devotee and some philanthropic affluent merchants.
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/bhadrakali-temple-in-warangal-and-its-connection-with-the-kohinoor-diamond/as68062366.cms
https://www.booksfact.com/history/kohinoor-diamond-owner-bhadrakali-goddess-warangal.html
https://starofmysore.com/the-story-of-kohinoo
submitted by alubonda to IndiaSpeaks [link] [comments]

Pro Trump companies to avoid

Your spending habits are powerful. Do not give another dime to any of these Trump supporting companies.
Company Reason to Avoid
Trump-owned businesses Maybe it goes without saying, but it's an easy one to start with. The Trump organization owns and operates a large number of hotels, golf courses, real estate properties, and other ventures.
Equinox Fitness / Soul Cycle / Blink Fitness Chairman Stephen Ross held an up to $250k per ticket fundraiser for Trump's reelection in August 2019.
Marvel Entertainment Marvel Entertainment (the comic book division of Marvel) Chair Isaac Perlmutter donated $360,000 to Trump 2020 and an additional $5 million to a Super PAC supporting Trump and other conservative candidates in 2020.
Bubba Gump Shrimp and Joe's Crab Shack The CEO of Landry's, the company that owns Bubba Gump and Joe's Crab Shack, donated $35,000 to the Trump Victory PAC in February. He is also participating in the roundtable discussions, Business Insider reported.
Las Vegas Sands / Venetian Founder Sheldon Adelson donated $466,900 to Republican candidates and parties through the first half of 2019.
Shell Oil Shell paid employees to attend a Trump rally in August 2019.
Nathan's Famous Chairman Howard Lorber raised funds for both Trump's 2016 and 2020 campaigns.
Estee Lauder Ron Lauder donated $100,000 to Trump Victory committee and more than $1.6 million in political contributions to pro-Trump organizations.
UFC UFC CEO Lorenzo Fertitta recently contributed a million dollars to a super PAC which supports Trump’s 2020 campaign.
WWE WWE owner Linda McMahon has contributed $360,000 to Trump's re-election PAC.
Muy Cos. Muy owns hundreds of Wendy's, Taco Bell, and Pizza Hut locations. CEO James Bodenstedt has donated hundreds of thousands of dollars to Trump's re-election, including a $200,000 donation to the Trump Victory PAC in March 2020.
Uline Owners Elizabeth and Richard Uihlein have donated $1 million to pro-Trump super PAC America First Action.
Copart Jay Adair, CEO of car salvage company Copart, spent $100,000 on Trump’s joint fundraising committee.
New Balance Chairman donated $400,000 to Trump's 2016 campaign.
MolsonCoors Board Member Peter Coors raised funds for Trump and Trump PAC.
LendingTree CEO Doug Lebda raised funds for Trump during 2016 campaign.
Hobby Lobby CEO endorsed Trump during 2016 campaign.
CVS CVS Health Corp. donated $35,000 to Trump’s Victory PAC and $500,000 to America First Policies, a nonprofit that promotes anti-immigration rhetoric and policies.
Planet Fitness CEO Chris Rondeau gave over $1,200 to Trump's election campaign.
AT&T Donated over $2 million in cash and services to Trump's inauguration.
Charles Schwab Chairman Charles Schwab donated $1 million to Trump's inauguration.
Bank of America / Merrill Lynch Donated $1 million to Trump's inauguration.
BP President endorsed Trump in 2016 election cycle.
Goya Foods On July 9th, 2020, Goya’s CEO, Robert Unanue, appeared in the White House Rose Garden and praised Trump. He said that “We are all truly blessed...to have a leader like President Trump who is a builder." After hearing the call to #BoycottGoya, we've made the decision to include them on this list. CNN reports that Robert Unanue has donated to Republicans in recent years, including to the Republican National Committee. Robert’s brother, who is Goya’s EVP, gave $100,000 to the anti-abortion National Right to Life Victory fund back in 2012 and other Unanue family members who are shareholders of Goya have given thousands of dollars to mostly Republican candidates and politicians, including Trump.
MyPillow CEO Mike Lindell has been an outspoken supporter of President Trump and is the chairman for the Trump 2020 campaign in Minnesota. He was a speaker at the 2020 Republican National Convention.
submitted by RupertxPupkin to Trumpvirus [link] [comments]

(1583 - 1632 Italy) How did bravi avoid the police

I've found following paragraphs here, but I can't find the referenced books/articles (as it only lists the author's surname and date without name of the work or the full name of the author). Could someone please clarify these?
------------
"These terrific penalties inspired little or no fear, for the bravi were infinitely quicker and cleverer than the sbirri of the Government, and were very rarely caught. Besides, they had powerful supporters and secure refuges from which they could defy justice, for they were sheltered and protected in the foreign embassies, where they knew how to make themselves useful as spies, and occasionally as professional assassins, and it was not an uncommon thing to see a sbirro standing before the French or the Spanish embassy and looking up at a window whence some well-known bravo smiled down on him, waved his hat, and addresed him with ironical politeness.
Ok, he avoided the immediate capture, but he will have to leave the embassy eventually, right? If he is indeed well-known and wanted, what prevents the police from ambushing him the moment he shows his face on the streets?
Also if the embassy would constantly shelter known criminals, I'd imagine it would create some serious tension in the relationship between countries.
----------------
"Then, too, the bravi were patronised by the 'signorotti' of the mainland, a set of rich, turbulent, and licentious land-owners, who could not call themselves Venetian nobles, and would not submit to be burghers, but set themselves up as knights, and lived in more or less fortified manors from which they could set the police at defiance. They employed the bravi in all sorts of nefarious adventures, which chiefly tended to the satisfaction of their brutal tastes."
What was the situation that allowed signorotti to defy the police? And if they were de-facto local lords, why was the police even there?
---------------
Did bravi mostly "work" one-offs (i.e. "do this thing for me and get paid") or as semi-permanent private mercenaries? Did they have some secretive contact network through which they would get hired, or would they openly discuss the terms of a "job" with a random dude wanting to poison his noisy neighbor?
submitted by madc9ke to AskHistorians [link] [comments]

November 28, 1942 - The Cocoanut Grove (Boston, MA, USA)

In Boston, the Cocoanut Grove "Supperclub" burns. The Grove was a dinner-dancing-drinking establishment that began as a speakeasy during Prohibition (January 1920-December 1933), fallen on hard times, then returned to popularity and prosperity with the beginning of WWII. It had become the place to see and be seen; on the evening of November 28th, it was host to over 1,000 people - civilian and military - crammed into the dinner-dance section, and three bars -- the "Broadway Lounge", the "Caricature Bar", and the piano-bar "Melody Lounge", located in the basement with a 360 degree bar in the center of the room. The stairs to the Melody Lounge are just off the entrance foyer.
The main entrance for patrons is a revolving glass door that lead to the Foyer and cloak rooms. There were other exits, but they are hidden by drapes; opened inwards, or are locked shut - to stop patrons skating on their bill, it is said; windows are generally covered by closed Venetian blinds, and so not obvious to patrons.
At about 10:15pm Stanley Tomaszewski, a busboy, replaces a light bulb in the basement's Melody Lounge at the direction of a bartender. He admits lighting a match to see what he was doing, but insists to the end of his days he did not set anything on fire to do so (10 days before, a firefighter inspection declared these very decorations did not ignite when touched by a burning match.) Shortly after the light bulb was replaced, a small fire was noticed near where the light bulb had come back on. (We know this because a survivor saw it happen.) Bar personnel attempt to put the fire out with thrown water, seltzer bottles, and fire extinguishers, all without success.
The fire grows along the ceiling with amazing speed, shortly filling the basement with high-temperature smoke. The smoke and fire raced up the only exit from the Melody (so quickly it is described as a 'fireball'), a 4-foot-wide stairway, quickly overcoming patrons trying to exit up the stairs. An emergency exit at the top of the stairs is bolted shut, so the only usable exit is via the foyer. The fire bursts up the stairs into the foyer at the front of the club.
The ceiling of the dining room catches fire; the emergency exit from that room is also locked, and just as this is discovered, the electricity in the building goes out. With the smoke and no lights, patrons in the dining area can only stumble around by the light of fires. In the panic, tables and chairs are overturned, further blocking movement.
The fire flashes into the Broadway Lounge. The exit door from that area opens inward, and people are overcome there; the crush is so great the doors cannot be opened. Bodies will be found piled 3 and 4 deep there.
Coincidently, a firefighting engine and crew are nearby putting out a car fire when they hear screaming coming from the area of the Grove. They call in the fire, and then race to fight it. Firefighters at the scene call in repeated 'alarms,' bringing in more and more men and equipment from fire stations - five in all. A total of 25 fire engines (pumpers), 5 ladder trucks, one "water tower" (water truck) are brought quickly on-scene.
Windows to the Lounge are smashed in by firefighers to try and get people out of the Broadway Lounge. About this time, the double-doors in the back of the dining area are at last broken open, people stagger out after climbing over bodies of people overcome at the doors - now four and five high in places - and oxygen rushes in, increasing the magnitude and heat of the fire in the dining room.
Frank Balzarini, head waiter, escapes the dining room through these doors, but returns into the club repeatedly to lead patrons out, until he himself is overcome and killed.
The revolving doors in the main entrance jams in the press of bodies of people trying to fight their way out that exit. In the end, the number of bodies can be estimated in height - 8 feet.
Within 45 minutes of the fire beginning, it is under control and survivors and victims begin to be brought out. Hundreds are taken to area hospitals; some die there, their lungs seared by heat, or by infections (though penicillin, newly available to civilian hospitals keeps the infection number low. The total number of dead is 492, about half of the total patrons in the club -- an extremely unusual ratio of casualties in a building fire. It is the worst (civilian) casualty single-building fire disaster since the Iroquios Theater fire in 1903 (602 dead), and was not superceded until the 9/11 World Trade Center attacks (2,977.)
The owner of the club was in tight with the mayor of Boston, and so his attention to fire safety has always been suspect. At the very least, he used unlicensed electricians all through the club, and bolted fire safety doors shut (which is a violation of safety codes, obviously), and crammed people in without interest in safe, specified limits (by about four hundred people.) He had openly bragged that his connections made him untouchable for such things. He will be the only person convicted for any crime of the seven men indicted by a grand jury (for manslaughter) associated with the fire.
The "no match lighting decorations" might then be suspect, but the specificity of the test in the report is odd, in that case.
The "barboy theory" has always been popular, not least because it is a single person who one could point to -- and he survived the fire (Stanley Tomaszewski turned himself in to police to give his story, was exhonerated, and gave regular interviews to tell his story for the press for the next 52 years until his death.)
There are a variety of 'chemical' theories, ranging from byproduct chemicals from hand-held fire extinguishers at the time, to excessive alcohol in the air from the drink-guzzling patrons (no, I didn't make that up), to fireproof materials that gave off toxic, combustable gases when heated (no, I didn't make that up either).
I personally think the theory about bad wiring fits the known facts best. The fire was first noticed above where the barboy had held a match, but not close to the match, and the part that caught fire was far above the single match, which was only lit for a few seconds. However, the wiring was known to be bad; several patrons described the walls of the Melody as "hot" -- so hot that one or two actually left the building before the fire in fear of exactly what happened.
If the wiring was substandard and overloaded (and without fuses to trip out, which the club did not have), adding a single light bulb might have led to a spark and ignition of previously overheated decorations, or to allow an slow-smoldering fire in the walls to break through at the highest point into a flash-over fire in every room of the club. Either way, the appearance of the fire on both floors, in the ceilings and why the fire raced with surprising (to fire professionals investigating) speed -- so fast it caught fire, spread, and ran out of combustibles before the furniture - which survived the fire on both levels -- had a chance to reach flash-ignition. ("Flash ignition" are situations where something catches fire simply by being near a hot fire to catch fire itself. "Flashover" is a phenomenon where flammable gasses in the smoke and particulates reach ignition and allow fire to race along a ceiling with terrible speed. A "backdraft" is where a fire has burned, but run out of oxygen enough to mostly be nearly out, then reignited explosively when a door or window is suddenly opened to give a fresh burst of oxygen.)
Once it reached the first floor, the fire *also* spread with "forest fire" rapidity, which would again point to a smouldering fire in the walls needing just a bit more flame to "flash-over" the ceiling.
A grand jury investigation faulted pretty much everybody in government responsible for maintaining fire safety. As might be expected, these everybodies pointed fingers at everybody else, leading to a situation where nobody was responsible for the fire at all, except for one 16-year-old barboy. Or, as Robert Moulton's report said, "this isn't good enough! No one was to blame!"
Building codes were altered -- the Cocoanut Grove fire is why any revolving door on a building has two outward-opening doors on either side of it, for instance.
The best source of reporting on the fire I found was "The Cocoanut Grove Club Fire", by Robert Moulton, 1962. It is part of a series of reports to be found at
https://www.nfpa.org/-/media/Files/News-and-Research/Resources/Fire-Investigations/cocoanutgrove.pdf
submitted by cwmcgrew to WorldWarTwoChannel [link] [comments]

The Man Who Would be King: Prime Minister Janez Janša must reinvent Slovenian history if he wants to place himself at its top [Translated effortpost]

This article on the Slovenian right, written by Vasja Jager, was originally published in the left-wing weekly Mladina on May 29th under the title "Mož, ki bi bil kralj". My previous post was published in a sidebar alongside it.
See cover here.
On the thirteenth of May, the already-fragmented Slovenian reality was further split in two. On one hand, a Slovenia emerged in which the vast majority of the population was engaged in re-establishing their lives after the coronavirus epidemic: restaurant owners and hairdressers were preparing for the reopening of their establishment, children were learning at a distance, and we presstitutes were plotting our conspiracies. It was a calm, almost sleepy given the circumstances, but certainly not festive Wednesday. Meanwhile, in another reality, the Prime Minister of Slovenia, Janez Janša, tweeted about laying wreaths on the graves of fallen heroes of history.
The Government of the Republic of Slovenia laid a wreath at the Mala gora mountain near Ribnica in memory of the beginning of the uprising against Nazi Germany in 1941. “On May 13, 1941 (after they were betrayed by Kardelj's and Kidrič's communists), they were attacked by Italian soldiers. Danilo Zelen died and Ferdo Kravanja was wounded,” the Prime Minister tweeted under a photo of three frowning guardsmen next to a giant wreath under the monument featuring the golden, glittering letters “TIGR” [the name of the first anti-fascist resistance in Europe]. His post aroused a great deal of astonishment among us simpletons uninitiated in the secrets of history. Officially, the beginning of the uprising against Nazi Germany during World War 2 is April 27; on this day, in 1941, the Anti-Imperialist Front was founded in Ljubljana. It was later renamed the Liberation Front [Osvobodilna Fronta], shorter OF.
Since 1968, Slovenians have been celebrating April 27 as the day when the organized all-Slovenian struggle against German, Italian and Hungarian invaders and their quisling helpers began. But after many years, Janez Janša decided to take us to this new reality. One driven primarily by his fantasies, which too often has little to do with historical facts.
When TIGRs roar
The rebellion of TIGR in the Slovene littoral region is considered to be the first conflict with any of the fascist occupying armies. But the question of who betrayed them to the Italians remains unresolved. Janša based his tweet on the confession of Bruno Tekavec, which was published by journalist Jože Možina in the show Witnesses [Pričevalci] on RTV Slovenia; Tekavec is convinced that the members of TIGR were betrayed by his father, a convicted criminal and a member of the Communist Party of Slovenia who was twice expelled from it. Most historians, however, believe that this was done by an unknown snitch from Ribnica, who allowed the fascist carabinieri to follow the movements of coastal insurgents for a long time. In any case, it is difficult to link TIGR to the anti-communist tendencies of Janšism; most of the Tigers later joined the partisans, and Danilo Zelen, who shot himself in the head on Mala gora in fear of Italian torture, signed a pact of cooperation with the Communist Party of Italy as early as 1935.
But Janša is not interested in facts. His government, which was completely silent on the official Day of Uprising Against Occupation, were merely looking for a new date to which they could transfer the festive nature of April 27th. In its zeal, the government went so far as to remove wreaths from the monument on Mala gora, laid two days earlier by representatives of the modern TIGR society, which oversees the heritage of that region's patriots, as well as the mayor of Ribnica, veterans’ associations and a representative from the office of president Borut Pahor. Janša simply needed space for his megalomaniacal wreath. The TIGR society was outraged by the move. "It is a gross insult to organizations which uphold the memory the anti-fascist struggle and its victims. In the Slovenian littoral section of the TIGR association, we will not allow unethical abuse of the memory of the brave actions of the TIGRs for purposes of party politics,” they wrote in a public letter to the Prime Minister.
Carpenters of all lands, unite!
Thirteen days before that, Janša performed another division of common sense. At that time, he wished the citizens in quarantine on May 1 a , “happy Labor Day and the feast of St. Joseph the Worker”. Again, his words caused confusion. In Slovenia, May Day has been celebrated for many years; unofficial celebrations of Labor Day date back about a century, and we have officially been celebrating it as a national holiday since the Second World War. We light bonfires in order to commemorate the workers' rights won through bloody protests: in 1886, eight police officers and eleven protesters died during demonstrations for the eight-hour workday in the United States, and three years later, the Second Workers' International declared May 1 the International Workers’ Day in memory of the bloody event.
However, bonfires were never lit in honor of a Christian saint, the carpenter Joseph of Nazareth, who became the patron saint of labor only with a papal decree in 1955. Again, it was a political spin, just like on the anniversary of the founding of OF. Janša wanted to falsify the facts in order to deprive the holiday of its leftist symbolism, even if that is historically completely unambiguous and provable. In the parallel reality of Janez Janša, there is no room for the civilizational gains of socialism. “People in power take history as black and white, they lean towards the extremes. Everyone has a right to their own interpretation, but facts and historical context must always be taken into account. Everything else is manipulation with the aim of political gain,” says Nevenka Troha, a historian from the Institute of Contemporary History.
Distortion of the meaning of public holidays cannot be historically justified. Janša explains for his ignorance of the anniversary of the founding of OF by referring to the fact that the clash of TIGR activists with the fascists on 13 May 1941 was the first armed conflict between the Slovene guerrillas and the occupier. But April 27, as the official date of the birth of the common resistance front, has above all a symbolic meaning that has become deeply entrenched in the consciousness of the nation over the years. As Aleš Gabrič, an expert on Slovene recent history, also from the Institute of Contemporary History, explains, the historical accuracy of the date is not essential — he cites church holidays as an example. “Thus, we celebrate both the Liberation Front and partisan movement on April 27, even though their resistance and heroism are not self-evident to everyone. On the occasion of Independence and Unity Day, we proudly remember the plebiscite on Slovenia's independence, even though we were not completely united, as there were also votes against at the plebiscite. At Christmas and Easter, the faithful venerate Jesus Christ and his ideas, even though the dates of his birth and death are shrouded in mist. Also, May 1 is not as important as the Judean carpenter, but as a day of awareness that workers' rights were earned through hardship.”
The roots of manipulation
However, the dimensions of Janša's falsification of history go even further than recent history. It is an attempt to create a completely new comprehensive narrative about the origin and identity of Slovenes in accordance with the far right "blood and honor" doctrine. The Prime Minister and his party thus sympathize with the theory of the autochthony of the Slovenes, according to which our nation does not come from the Slavs, but from much older tribes, or have even lived in this area since time immemorial. At a conference of proponents of the pseudo-historical Venetian theory in 2017, Janša openly called for a clash of arguments with the mainstream history of the Slavic origin of the Slovenian nation. As reported by the SDS website, its leader “expressed the belief that the theory of us being newcomers who arrived here at some point in history, which is not attested by any historical sources, could be believed during the period of German hegemony, and that there are logical reasons for why this was supported during our domination by Yugoslavia, but he does not find it understandable that this is common even now, when we Slovenes have an independent state. ”
According to the alternative "history" of right-wingers, we Slovenes are in fact descendants of the ancient Indo-European tribe of Adriatic Veneti. They are then supposed to have established the Kingdom of Noricum — Janša dedicated his quasi-historical novel “The White Panther” to this idea. The Carantanians were supposed to come from the Norics, and finally "pure-blooded" Slovenes from them. It is a confusing collection of scientifically refuted theories, on the basis of which Slovenian right-wingers build the myth of the uniqueness of our nation. Due to its indigenous nature, it is said to have the exclusive right to its own territory, and its multi-millennial history makes it special compared to other nations.
On the basis described above, the far right, gathered around the SDS, justifies the domination of “real” Slovenes over other members of our society and over newcomers to this area. Anyone who does not fit into this view or even opposes it is automatically declared an enemy. Members of the LGBT community are degenerates who prevent the transmission of millennial Slovenian genes to future generations, immigrants are a threat to Catholicism, and left-wing intellectuals are layabouts who poison people’s minds with lies. In this respect, socialism is recognized as a dangerous alien entity that undermines the foundations of national identity, especially the Catholic faith. Partisans are traitors seduced by a foreign — Soviet and Serbian and Jewish — ideology who made us into Serbian vassals. Or, as the commander of the collaborationist Home Guard, Leon Rupnik, told them in a speech at the swearing-in ceremony in 1943: "Excrement of our own Slovene nation, entranced by false Jewish promises."
Janez, the Good King
According to this logic, the WW2 Slovene Home Guard are heroic martyrs who gave their lives to save us from the fatal historical delusion of Communism and preserve the unique Slovenian identity. According to Rupnik, the Home Guard were among those who still believed in God Almighty, aware of their nation and the tasks assigned to it by Providence, who have preserved the traditions of their ancient ancestors, who are proud of the common blood between great-grandparents and the youngest of grandchildren. Modern Janšist history is based on the same dogma of Slovene exceptionalism. In its parallel reality, instead of calculating quislings, the Home Guards are marked as guardians of the glorious tradition and religion of their grandfathers, the spiritual successors of the ancient Noricum and Carantanian knights. That is why the far right has so passionately adopted the fictional "Carantanian panther" as its symbol, and conversely, according to this discourse, every leftist and holder of the red star is an heir to what he called "excrement."
In the mythology he described, Janez Janša occupies the place of a messianic ruler who will take Slovenes back to the times of imaginary utopias and finally connect us with our glorious past. A past in which blood-based communities will be ruled by machismo, women will stay in the kitchen and rear children, who will grow into responsible citizens and good warriors through physical work, singing patriotic songs and Catholic hymns. This is the beginning and the end of a fictional history that follows the path of Veneti — Noric warriors — Carantanian knights — Home Guards, which is imbued with a longing for a return to the times of vaguely barbarian communities of the early Middle Ages. The verses published by Janša last October clearly express these feelings: "In a short night the bonfire burns, awakening embers in people’s hearts / The call comes from antiquity, the eye waters, awakening memories / The graves of famous kings are hidden, their guardians made of stone." It is worth mentioning that, of course, Slovenes have not had a single king in their history.
That this is ideology and not history is clear. The right-wing conception of the past does not pay attention to facts, years, testimonies, documents and, last but not least, human memory. Only ideology counts — and Janša's ideology of blood ties, Catholicism and tradition is essentially the same as the ideology of Leon Rupnik's "ancient ancestors". In order to justify his aspirations, Janša is now persistently inventing fairy tales, ones that make it hard to believe that anyone can fall for them. But this is exactly what is happening in Slovenia right now.
The danger of such radicalization was also pointed out by the Polish psychiatrist Andrzej Łobaczewski, who studied the totalitarianisms of the 20th century with his colleagues. In his book "Political Ponerology: A Science on the Nature of Evil Adjusted for Political Purposes," written on the basis of a study of Nazism and Bolshevism, he warned against paranoid individuals who vent their pathologies with ideology. The latter can infect the entire community and trigger a process that Lobaczewski calls “hysterization”. Individuals who suffer from mental disorders themselves, with the help of ideology, connect into a group characterized by feelings of persecution, the tendency to radically correct injustices and the belief in the higher value ​​of members of the chosen group. These factors alleviate feelings of exclusion caused by one’s own psychological deficits and seemingly relieve the individual of the obligation to follow uncomfortable moral norms.
These are precisely the goals of the ideological revision of history carried out by Janez Janša and his circle. Until Slovenia is reorganized as a primordial patriarchal, strictly hierarchical society, Janša will attack official history and divide the people. Therefore, reconciliation between Red Partisan and Home Guard ideology, between official and alternative historiography, is not really possible: the far right lives from the emotions evoked by quarrels and conflicts, not from reconciliation. "The more the need for reconciliation is emphasized, the more the nation is divided because of it," says Nevenka Troha, one of Slovenia's greatest experts on contemporary history. “One needs to be aware of what both sides have done and learn to live with it. In fact, the majority of the population did so as early as the 1960s and 1970s, and only politicians are still opening these wounds. ”
Ruggeri's prophecy
Led by Janez Jansa, the Slovene right has been attempting to revise history since independence, aided by the Catholic church and sections of our civil society.. Already in the early 2000s, the first Janša government rewrote textbooks to draw attention to the horrors of the post-war massacres. At the time, its efforts could still be seen as a welcome counterweight to years of turning a blind eye to the embarrassing truth of revolutionary violence. But it soon turned out that its goals were primarily ideological, and the efforts of Janša's court historians did not contribute significantly to the discipline of history. As Aleš Gabrič explains, "historical revisionism does not bring — with a few rare exceptions — new interpretations, but draws on those that were put forward by members of the defeated side during the war. In Slovenia, these are those who, when choosing the lesser evil between the Nazis and the liberation movement, chose the former. As during the war, their supporters present themselves as fighters against communism and defenders of democracy, but they conveniently 'forget' that their military opponents during the war were also the main defenders of the principles of Western democracy."
In the socialist regime, official historiography went to certain extremes and overemphasized the South Slavic identity of Slovenes, and when covering 20th century history, it was silent about the responsibility of the communist authorities for the civil war [that happened simultaneously with WW2], but now, the right-wing populist rewriting of history is going to unseen extremes. According to this narrative, Slovenes are a unique, non-Slavic nation with a tradition of its own proto-states, the Carantanian king Samo is the original patriot, and the ideological fathers of Janšism are gradually turning into the fathers of our nation. But it is one thing if such mental acrobatics are performed by individual populist sheriffs such as Andrej Šiško and Roman Leljak. However, when historical revisionism begins to take over official institutions, it is a sign of the societal hysteria that the psychiatrist Lobaczewski warned against.
At the beginning of the year, the Slovenian Supreme Court — which also includes attested SDS sympathizers — overturned the death sentence of Home Guard General Leon Rupnik because of procedural errors. As early as 2013, the remains of Bishop of Ljubljana Gregorij Rožman, who led the Catholic Church in Slovenia during the Second World War, were returned from the USA to the Ljubljana Cathedral. This was only the first step towards reviving his cult; last autumn, a solemn mass was held in Ljubljana on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of Rožman's death, at which Metropolitan Stanislav Zore described the deceased as "a noble Slovene and a noble bishop". Catholic organizations and historians from the Janša circle immediately presented Rožman's efforts to protect ethnic Jews of Catholic faith from German violence, which earned him the prestigious title of Righteous Among the Nations by the Israeli Yad Vashem memorial center.
But like Leon Rupnik, Gregorij Rožman is not without blemishes. An enthusiastic letter sent to Mussolini by the "noble Slovene" during the Italian occupation tells a lot about his patriotism. "Duce!" Rožman began enthusiastically, “we learned with great pleasure that the Slovene-occupied territory was annexed to the Italian Kingdom by the Italian Army. I ask you to accept the deepest gratitude on behalf of all the clergy of the diocese for the generous and just arrangement that you have come to with the Slovenian population. Please also accept, Duce, the expressions of our unconditional devotion and cooperation.”
Rožman then proved this devotion with a formal initiative for the Italians to raise the quisling MVAC [Anti-Communist Volunteer Militia] units and anti-communist secret police from his flock. Italian General Vittorio Ruggeri accompanied the proposal with the remark that "This is creating such hatred among you Slovenes that you will not be able to eliminate it for fifty years." Ruggeri’s assessment was probably based on the logical assumption that future generations would want to overcome the hatred accumulated during the war. Unfortunately, immediately after the war, tensions intensified with the post-war massacres carried out by the Yugoslav authorities; according to the Institute of Recent History, about 15,000 people lost their lives. All these events are attested and documented and we must not remain silent about them, just as we must not deny the responsibility of those involved: in the post-war extrajudicial killings of home guards and their families we cannot ignore the names of Edvard Kardelj, Boris Kidrič, Ivan "Matija" Maček and Mitja Ribičič.
"We have to accept the good and the bad — in ourselves, in our nation, in our political tendency," warns Nevenka Troha. But the far-right subordinates history to an ideology, using it to consolidate its power and justify the exclusion of undesirable groups. Instead of finally calming the tensions, our leading politicians, first and foremost being Janša, are doing everything to further intensify the tensions. From these tensions, a parallel reality is already sprouting in spite of Slovene democracy and common sense, one in which Slovenes are descendants of the ancient Indo-European tribe of the Veneti, May Day is primarily the day of Jesus' stepfather, and the founding of the Liberation Front is an event no longer worth remembering. It is a world of sharp divisions and simplistic interpretations, false idols, indisputable authorities and a just god, a world of unhealed historical wounds and fulfilled millennial dreams: a world of imagination. And in it, there is no room for adults who do not want to participate in this game.
submitted by mladilevi to StupidpolEurope [link] [comments]

Sam Adams Guide Chapter 7 - Coalheart, Mrpaint and Fosterfluffy

Sam Adams Guide Chapter 7 - Coalheart, Mrpaint and Fosterfluffy
Pastebin entry: https://pastebin.com/fgn8QtXQ
Previous entry: https://www.reddit.com/fluffycommunity/comments/jrrn2d/sam_adams_guide_chapter_6_episode_2_pinkyfluffy/

Mr. Adams' Guide to Practical Fluffs - Part 7

by Oculus
Featuring art by Coalheart, Mrpaint, Pinkyfluffy & Fosterfluffy,


\"Fostewfwuffy am bestest fwuffy\" (Artist:Pinkyfluffy)
You want to know more about the Fosterfluffy, and why the white Pinkyfluffy said that they were the best breed in the world. At the current moment, Sam seems preoccupied, and is speaking with Giuseppe about acquiring a Pinkyfluffy for himself. As such, you approach the white Pinkyfluffy for more information.

"Yes, kind mistah?"
"What is a Fosterfluffy?"

Max and his Fosterfluffy (Artist:Fosterfluffy)
The white fluffy smiles. He fully understands that his two languages, Italian and fluffspeak, are a little incomprehensible to you, and thus, he would not be able to articulate the point on his mind. Instead, he goes to a cabinet. With a meticulous use of his mouth and hooves, he carries a bunch of photos and documents and places them on the table for you to peruse. The photos show various pictures of a boy with his pet fluffy. You then read the document and learn that the Fosterfluffy was the name given to a rare, but specific designer breed of fluffy. The breed was made rather recently, and it is possible that the team behind the fluffy breed may produce more of these designer fluffies in future.

You can really feel the love that the boy has for the designer fluffy he had. The document mentions that the boy was a victim of child abuse, while the fluffy was found abandoned. That fact was unusual, given the rather remote and controlled status of the Fosterfluffy breed. It is unknown as to how this specific fosterfluffy breed ended up abandoned. Nevertheless, the foal bonded with the child, and has proven to be a good companion animal.The discrepancy is too strong at the moment. You learn that the boy, as well as the few fluffies of the Fosterfluffy programmer, are currently based back home. Since you're in an ABAP building, it is obvious what the next step is.
"We're going to Spain."

Wait.

WHAT?!

"You heard me. We'll be staying in Italy for a few days. We'll then head to Spain by plane."
"Can't we just use The Door? I'm pretty sure, with how advanced fluffies are in Italy, they would have their own version of your fluffy teleportation devices."
"Well yes lad. As a matter of fact they do. But see, after what happened the past few times, and with how you ended up in an alternate reality because of said teleportation attempts, I think it is safer if we actually traveled 'properly' for this one."

~

You are currently in your room at the Holiday Inn in Rome. You're surprised Sam has gotten you a cheaper hotel ticket this time round, but he mentioned that the reservations for the other hotels were booked. Also, the hotel in question was next to some good locations for sightseeing.

A Venetian fluffy family (Artist:Pinkyfluffy)
Across from your hotel room, you see Rome come alive at night. And you see the Pinkyfluffies, some moving in orderly herds, some as tight knit families, and some with their human caretakers. Knowing how simplistic and childish that fluffies could be back home, it felt surreal to see the Pinkyfluffies develop such recognition and status within Italian society. But you remember the time you saw the Fluffy city that was built by Mangoalie, KMEB and Renaissance fluffies. While integrating into a pre-existing human society is different from building a city from scratch, the concept was rather similar.

And yet at the same time, you can't shake off the feeling that maybe, you ARE in another parallel dimension, and Sam was lying to you this whole time. But, what if the Pinkyfluffies were truly native to your timeline, independent of said shenanigans? Just their intelligence and versatility alone would question and challenge most popular perceptions of fluffies, especially in the English-speaking world.

It is getting too much to think about. You switch off the lights and lay down on your bed.

~

Cold sweat dripped from your face as you found yourself awake in the middle of the night. You were visited by Samuel Adams in your sleep. But it was an altogether different Samuel Adams, the one that you referred to as the 'Hasbio Sam'. In the nightmare, you saw Sam oversee the "recall" and liquidation of hundreds of fluffies, deemed as defective products, touting it as a necessary measure on Hasbio's part.

"The coin is always two-sided. This is reality of Hasbio that you must understand."

In protest of the nightmare that the alternate Sam had put you through, you screamed at the top of your lungs, only to find yourself in the hotel room. This wasn't the first time you had such a visceral dream, but there was something foreboding about it. You never thought you would meet the parallel universe Sam Adams again, but he appeared, and revealed a dark aspect of Hasbio that you wish you had not seen.

"You saw him again?"

You are with Sam in his private jet. As it speeds high above the European landscape, you mentioned to Mr Adams that you've been having difficulty sleeping lately. The encounter with the alternate Sam has caused you to fear entering the world of rapid eye movement, for fear of encountering an individual that can enter your mind at any time in your sleep.

"Yes. Yes, I have," you admit.

A stewardess serves both Sam and you a hearty breakfast of egg and sausages. As you dig in to your grub, Sam is reading an Italian newspaper. The raising of his right eyebrow while reading the paper denotes a concern. You wonder what is troubling Sam as he asks, "You said that he had the Fluffycommissions (FC) breed culled?"

"Yes."

"There's been reports about the disappearance of that breed lately. Some communities, where pet populations were mostly made up of certified FC breed fluffies, have seen their fluffies gone."
"Gone?"
"As in disappeared. Without a trace.

A store had an entire stock of Fluffycommission Fluffies. All gone the following day. A young girl was playing hide and seek with her fluffy in room, only to find it disappeared without a trace. A hospital patient had a Fluffycommission fluffy as a companion animal, cradling in her arms. Next, the fluffy vanished into thin air."

As Sam keeps narrating the cases of the missing FC fluffies, a dark thought creeps up in your mind

"Do you think *he* could be involved?"

Sam frowns, as he continues, "I think it may be very well be the case. Did he mention any reason why he considered them 'defective'?"
"No, he just said they had a defect."

Stroking his chin, Sam Adams dwells upon the circumstance behind these disappearances.

"The FC breed weren't exactly perfect. Recently, they had been crossbreeding with the Foxhoarder breed, but otherwise they had been breeding particularly well. And ABAP has been in good standing with the leader of their project.

No, my counterpart is up to something. And the fact that he has started abducting FC fluffies from our own universe means that he has some hidden agenda."

"How are you so sure its him? Surely its a coincidence?"
"Maybe. But for him to mention it, not too long after its been mentioned in the news, and to highlight that breed specifically? I think its him. And he's after something."
The ideal still feels a little incredulous to you.

"If what you're saying is true, they should at least leave behind some presence. There's got to be something that proves that they visited our dimension before."
"I know what you mean. As it is, I remember that, at one time, they had attempted to capture a number of Coalheart fluffies."

"Coalheart..... thats a name I remember from my dream!"
"Yes, the Coalheart, a Spanish fluffy breed. And a Type 2. However, unlike other Type 2s such as the Gowdie and Foxhoarder, Coalheart fluffies lack the ability to naturally break the laws of physics. This made them very popular, since they got involved in less misadventures than the other Type 2 fluffies.

It is a shame they disappeared."
"Disappeared?"
"The last official Hasbio release of the Coalheart was in 2015, and the species is mostly continued in Spain by licensed breeders. Mostly."

"I don't like it when you trail off discussions like that."
"The Coalheart fluffies have been disappearing. I've been trying to track down a shelter that had the largest collection of Coalheart fluffies but so far, I have not been having any luck. It is also why we are making the trip to Spain - the Coalheart originated from Spain, so perhaps the fluffmarts in Spain might have more Coalhearts."

~

According to Sam, Hasbio and ABAP both have branches and fluffmarts in only three of Spain's largest cities, those being the Valencia, Barcelona, and the capital Madrid.

You had a fun time in Spain, as you go to see the sights such as the Sagrada Familia, the Museu de les Ciències Príncipe Felipe (Prince Phillip Science Museum) and the Plaza Mayor. However, the stay in each of the three cities was brief and, for Sam, it bore disappointing fruit.

"I'm sorry Senor, but we don't have any more Coalheart fluffies."

That was in Barcelona, the third and last stop. Sam had been visiting the various fluffmarts, and even the man office of Hasbio in Spain, but so far, none of them had a pure or even a mixbreed Coalheart fluffy. This discovery has perplexed Sam. With its disappearance in both the UK and the US, the Coalheart fluffy may very well extinct.

"So the Coalhearts really are gone," you bemoan.

"Bueno no exactamente, senor. Our store does hold one type of coalheart fluffy."

Coalheart Toy Fluffy (Artist:Coalheart)
The fluffy that she presents to you looks like any other microfluffy to the untrained eye. However, and after months spending with Mr Adams, you realize that this micro-fluffy is of a Type 2 breed. Most other microfluffies, like the Carpdimes and Buwwitos, tend to be of the Type 1 breed, or be of a unique breed like the McGonagall. However, this particular fluffy was a Type 2. Its hooves were of a more circular shape as opposed to a distinct horseshoe appearance, and its legs were bereft of fluff and were fairly stunted. As far as you know, you have not seen a Type 2 breed have a microfluffy variant (at least not yet).

"So this is a Coalheart microfluffy?"
"It is a Coalheart TOY fluffy."

Ah yes, you remember now. Sam once mentioned that they were Hasbio's initial miniature fluffy pony range before they released the microfluffies. The more you look at it, the more does it look a bit like a real-life plushie.

"They do kind of look like toys."
"They are NOT toys. As in, they are not playthings," the fluffmart owner interjects. "They are called toy fluffies because they are based off the toy breeds of cats and dogs."

"But that name, 'toy fluffy', along with their categorization as 'biotoys' has led to people treat these fluffies as playthings, haven't they?"

"They have," sighs Sam. Turning to the owner, he ask, "Do you still stock limited editions of these toy fluffies?"

~

Luke Skywalker Toy fluffy (Artist: Coalheart)
"Dere am no safe pwace. Dun maek fwuffy kiww dummeh. Dummeh know not dummeh am special fwuff. Dummeh am onwy become smawtie. Join Smawtie huwd and dummeh too wiww becum smawtie. Huwd wiww cwaim aww wands!"

"Fwuffy wiww neba join smawtie!"

"If onwy dummeh knew the powah of da Smawty. Obi-Wan neba say abot dummeh's daddeh."

"Smawtie kiwwed daddeh!"

"No.

Fwuffy AM dummeh daddeh."

You've seen fluffy plays before, but this was very well choreographed. Like as though it was properly rehearsed. You had seen the Japanese Pumpiikins mimic Hatsune Miku, but for these fluffies to be able to re-enact the entire scene for The Empire Strikes Back must have been quite the feat.

"No! NO DAT NOT TWU!!!!"

~

After the quick presentation, both fluffies bow before you.

"These are fantastic! I'd love to own them!"
"Sure! The pair cost 16000 Euros!"

You balk at the price. Even with the increased regulation and ABAP influence, fluffies are considered among the cheapest of pets.

"Why is it so dear?"
"This is a one-of-a-kind toy fluffy of the Coalheart breed. It is one of the earliest derivatives of an already rare fluffy breed. In fact, we are trying to raise money to preserve these fluffies, hence their increased cost."

"I can buy them for you if you want, Laddie," Sam offers.

The offer seems all too tempting.

~

Sam’s jet is currently cruising high above the Atlantic Ocean. The ABAP offices in Spain did not carry breeds like the Fluffsplosion, and thus, the journey home had to be made by jet. You are having breakfast as its morning. Not too far away, you can hear the chatter of the four new fluffies that Sam had acquired from his European trip - the two Pinkyfluffies, and the two Coalheart toy fluffies. The Pinkyfluffies, being the doting caretakers there are, are watching the Luke and Vader toy fluffies re-enacts scenes from Star Wars, while making sure that the two little fluffies do not involve themselves in trouble.

Sam is seated at the window, looking pensive.

"Whats wrong, Sam?"
"I'm just a bit sad that I didn't find a proper Coalheart."
"But you did. You got two toy fluffies."
"Yes, but they're not the same as a 'normal' Coalheart fluffy. The Coalhearts were one of the earliest Type 2 breeds released by Hasbio and had a lot of traits that you can see in later Type 2 breeds like the Foxhoarder and Muffin."

"You mentioned that they have been disappearing lately. Perhaps it can't be helped. Though I wonder what was the 'defect' that 'other' Sam talked about."
"I can't think of a defect, but, I can fathom a reason why they retired the Coalheart toy fluffy line from official release."
"And that is that?"

"You see that Vader and Luke? They're not 'toys'. They are two fluffies that, through extensive conditioning, rehearsing and acting, can act out and recite entire lines from Star Wars. Hasbio released other toy fluffies like them. There was one of Tracer from Overwatch. Some from Warhammer 40k, and many others. But the problem with these toy fluffies was that, with their catgeorization as 'biotoys', people actually treated them as 'toys'. They were badly handled. Kids would throw them at each other like as though they were action figures. And of course, you have the typical neglect and bodily harm.

Hasbio never issued a formal recall, but they did retire the line. They reworked their miniature line of fluffies, with the new work going towards the Buwwito breed. Thats how the Buwwito microfluffy came about. At the same time, fluffy rights groups were starting to form - including my own ABAP - ensure that these fluffies were properly treated."

"That's good to hear. I think microfluffies really are interesting."

"They are," sighs Sam, as he looks out of the window. "So are the normal Coalhearts. As a first generation fluffy breed, like the Marcusmaximus, Inkiepie and KMEB, they had a lot unique features as fluffies. I'm still researching them, and I've been trying to understand the differences between Coalhearts and other Type 2s. But it is kind of hard to do when you can't find them anymore."

"You could always move on to a new breed."
"Its just not the same. You see, I mentioned before on my podcast that I was going to cover the Coalhearts. But now I feel a bit embarrassed that I can't find one, despite my searching. I haven't even had any leads as to the shelter that house a lot of Coalheart fluffies."

"I'm sure you'll find one soon. They've got to be out there, somewhere."

~

Life went back to normal upon reaching home. The following day became a week. And the week became a month. During that time, Sam didn't call you. You thought of contacting him, but his receptionist (when she wasn't busy attending to Sam's 'personal' affairs) mentioned that Sam had busied himself with more business contracts and matters for the month. Things have been mostly normal but, a part of you is hankering to go on another excursion with Sam into the wide of fluffies and their many breeds

And then one day, you get a call from your father.

"Yeah dad, what is it?"
"Son, you keep forgetting this. But we need your help to repaint the house."

~

You kind of don't want to do it. But you agreed to it anyway as it had been a while since you last your parents, the last time being about a few months ago when you had to help your dad with a computer problem.

Upon reaching the house though, you see find out that house has already been half-painted. Your parents had already contracted a professional painting service, as you noticed their van outside. You take minor note of the name of the painting service - Mrpaint.

"Why the hell did you ask for my help? You could have at least told me."
"Well, we haven't seen you in a while."

Not a really good excuse there, you silently remark to yourself.

~

\"A mountain of a man\" (Artist:Coalheart)
The chief painter is a mountain of a man. A redhead with a thick beard, he has managed to finish painting half of the house by the time he appeared. A few hours later, he has finished the job. You are a bit impressed, so you ask the chief painter for the name of his service, as well as a business card.

"You're a friend of Sam, aren't you?"

You're not sure what to answer him, as it was a rather sudden question. But the fact remains that Sam is a friend of your fathers, and, by extension, your friend as well.

"Yes, I am."

The chief painter smiles. He passes you two cards. One of the cards reads "Mrpaint Painting Services" along with an address and a phone number.

The other ‘business card’ is a bit more unusual.

“Tell Sam to meet me at a hayfield in Buxton. He should know which hayfield I am referring to. You're invited to come, but no one else should follow you or be aware of this meeting.

- Mr. Painter

P.S. The walls have ears. No one else should know about this message."

~

You've been trying to reach Sam for about two days now, but the difficulty has been getting past the receptionist. Which is weird, because, you had no trouble getting past this particular receptionist before.

"I'm sorry. I know you are close to Mr. Adams, but he really has been busy as of late. You're going to have to try again next week."

Maybe it is not urgent. Maybe, for all you know, the man could be met again next week.

~

It is evening. You have just had dinner, and you're about to binge watch some Netflix shows before heading to bed. About half an hour into the show, you receive a phone call.

"Hello?"

You hear nothing.

"Hello? Who is this?"

There is the unmistakable sound of heavy breathing.

The phone then hangs up.

~

The next day, you return home from jogging. Your body covered in perspiration, and feeling tired, you hear the phone ring, roughly at the same time as the previous day.

"Hello?"
"I'm on to you."

The phone hangs up again.

~

About a week later, you decide to give contact Sam another try, and so you call the ABAP office during the morning hours at work.

"Welcome to ABAP. Please hold while we attend to your call."

About five seconds of pleasant muzak plays. And then you hear the receptionist answer the phone

"Good afternoon, how may I assist you?"

But it is not the female receptionist you had hear countless times before. It is a male voice.
"I would like to speak to Mr Adams please."
"Sure, can I get a name?"

You give him your name.

"May I know the purpose of a meeting with him?"

You freeze in your chair. You then remember that Sam always had female receptionists, especially at ABAP. For there to be a male receptionist today was too unusual. Upon realizing your error, you hang up the phone.

Your breathing has gone heavy, you are sweating profusely. You may have made the most grave mistake.
Your mobile phone rings again. It is the ABAP number.

You pick the phone up.

"What is the purpose of your meeting with Sam? Did you find something?"

You switch off your phone. You have about 30 minutes left until its lunch break.

~

The thirty minutes passed by very quickly. You quickly depart, to the surprise of your colleagues

"Aren't you joining us for lunch?"
"I got to attend to something today."

~

As you take the public transport, you cannot help but feel that you are being watched. You keep turning back but, so far, no one has approached you, at least not yet. However, every time a person mildly stares in your direction, you feel unnerved.

The ABAP office looms on the horizon, as your bus approaches the stop. Alighting from the bus, you quickly run for the entrance.

"Wewco-"

Before you can let the Marcusmaximus fluffy usher finish his sentence, you barge through the door. Upon reaching the receptionist desk, you see that all the receptionists are still female and people you have met before.

The receptionist you are currently talking to, Laura, smiles, as she remarkes,"We haven't met in a while!
How may I assist you?"
"Did ABAP have any male receptionists lately?"
"Male receptionists? No.... we only hire female receptionists, per Sam's specifications."

"I see.
Is Sam available today? I understand he's been busy as of late."

"I’m here, laddie."

You turn around, and lo and behold, Sam Adams stands before you, wearing a business suit, a red tie, and a permanent grin.

~

You tell Sam about the weird phone call you got, and the one grave mistake you made today.

"You're a dumbass, laddie. You know full well I don't hire male receptionists."


"I’m only human. Most businesses I know have both male and female receptionists, so hearing a male receptionist didn't sound unusual at first."

Sam frowns, and he gives out a loud breath

"I'm wondering how they managed to get past security. I need to beef up the security at this rate. What did you tell him?"
"Only my name. Nothing else."
"I see. At least its not too bad. You're still at risk, but we will discuss that later."

"Also, someone asked me to pass you this."

You pass Sam the blank business card that had the handwritten note on it. Sam gives it a read, and his face lights up.

"MrPaint! Now that's a name I have not heard in ages!"
"Is he with ABAP?"
"No, he's independent. But I have work closed with him from time to time."

Sam whips out his smartphone, and proceeds to make a call

"Who are you calling?"
"Your boss."

You loudly groan.

~

The trip to Buxton did not take long, and you are now riding in the back of Sam's SUV. Sam has managed to clear out the rest of your week for the trip, and per his suggestion, you have brought along a backpack. Though, rather unusually, Sam has asked you to prepare various items for a trip to the beach, even though Buxton is a mostly agrarian and inland place.

The SUV starts to pass by various hayfields, until it reaches a particular one with a large red barn.

"We're here."

Sam tells you to wait for him as he gets out of the SUV. He looks left and right, then walks towards the barn. Within moments, a bearded man, that being the same painter you had met a week ago emerges out of the barn.

"Long time no see, Sam!"
"Its good to see you again, old friend. How is Bob doing?"
"Bob's okay. Smokey still takes care of him, though Bob still has yet to come out of his shell. He’s been better ever since he adopted Max, though."
"I see."

The painter whispers something in Sam's ear. It is confidential, but you have a feeling that they are discussing the matter of the individual who had been following your activities.

Sam then walks back into the SUV. The painter proceeds to open up the barn doors, as Sam drives the SUV into the barn. You inspect the interior of the barn. You see the various farming implements, stacks of hay, and a few cardboard boxes.

Cardboard boxes with wiring that lead up to the large barnyard doors.

"Start the spaghetti machine!"

The painter nods, and, using another remote he pulls out of his pocket, initiates the sequence. You hear the unmistakable sound of a fluffy shouting "Sketti! Sketti! Sketti!" in frantic anticipation. A brief flash can be seen at the space beyond the barnyard door. There is a slight darkness. Then, daylight returns to peek under the barnyard doors.

~

"We've arrived."
As the barnyard door opens, you see a pristine beach before your eyes, azure waters sparkling in the midday sun, and emerald palms, bristling gently in the wind. Your jaw has dropped in open-eyed wonder, fuelled both by disbelief and anticipation, you felt inclined to inquire Sam on your current whereabouts.

"Zihuatanejo."
"Zi-hua-what?"
"Zihuatanejo. We're in Mexico. And to be more precise, we are at bungalow that's being rented out by the Fluffy Shelter for the Abused."
Around you, children and adults can be seen playing with their fluffies. There is an air of carefree jubilation and gaiety. However, as you inspect each fluffy, you noticed that each has some for disability. Some have a few or all of their limbs missing. One is wall-eyed, and not able to observe its surroundings properly. A girl is tending to a drooling fluffy, that can only make gurgling sounds.

Bob and Smokey (Artist:Mrpaint)
Near the entrance of the bungalow, an old man with a long, scruffy beard and uncut, unkempt hair eyes you menacingly. On his lap, an ash-coloured fluffy is sleeping, showing no signs of injury. The man is missing a leg but does not let that fact hinder his powers of observation. Before you can introduce yourself, he fires the opening line first.

"Are you with Sam?"

"Yes," you answer slowly.

He is wearing a coat, a wifebeater and jeans, clothing which doesn't seem to fit the holiday mood of the shelter. He has his hands in his pocket, and from the looks of it, you can tell that he has a pistol, ready to draw upon need. However, and while his maintains a guarded composure, he does smile at you.

"Go right in. Antoine has been expecting you."

~

Antoine Stiles looks a little like you. However, he is far older, and has enough visual differences that anyone can definitely point out that the two of you are not blood related. Nonetheless, the both of you have the same hair colour, hairstyle and body type, with Antoine being slightly older than you. At the age of 45, Antoine has been the head of the Fluffy Shelter for the Abused for a few years now. He has taken over from the previous owner, Mabel, and over the years, he has gotten used to the motley crew of fluffies that has come to call the shelter "home."

With him is a blue Coalheart fluffy by the name of Crush. Crush belonged to a bipolar owner who took out her frustrations on him, with the name she gave him being a reference to her occasional cruelty. At one point, it got so bad that she permanently damaged Crush's right front leg. Eventually, she sought therapy and considering herself an unfit owner, donated the fluffy to the shelter. As one of the first fluffies brought into the shelter, he is also the oldest, but surprisingly nimble and agile. despite being a Type 2 and having a wheel for a leg.

"So Sam tells me that you're looking to adopt a fluffy?"
"I am. From what I understand, the fluffies from this shelter are adoptable?"
"Nowadays, no. With what has happened to the Coalheart fluffies, and because we actually got raided at one point, the Shelter has been moving from time to time. Thus, I have been looking after the other Coalheart fluffies such as Patchy, Andre, Charles and of course, Crush here."
"I hear that Sam is trying to acquire a Coalheart?"

"He is, but we're still discussing it. Not too long ago, the foals of one our super-breeder dams were stolen, and we had to beef up security to make sure we didn’t lose any future foals. Lately I've been of the opinion that instead of trying to 'restart' the Coalheart breed for enthusiasts, it is more important for us to protect the Coalhearts we still have."
"What can you tell me about Coalhearts?"
"I don't think it is easy to typify or explain what owning a Coalheart fluffy is like. I feel like it is better if you spend time with the fluffy themselves.

Hey there Crush."
"Yes daddeh?"

"This mister here wants to see the beach. Think you can show him around?"
"Otay daddeh! Com fwend, Cwush wiww show fwend da beach!"

Crush (Artist:Coalheart)
Crush raises his left leg and his right wheel, mimicking a physical request for you to carry him. You do so.

~

Max and Shark Week at the beach (Artist:Fosterfluffy)
As you come out of the bungalow with Crush in your arms, you see the Painter is now seated where the scruffy old man was previously. The old man is busy playing frisbee with his grey fluffy. With a quick toss, he throws the disc up high, and the fluffy scampers after it, kicking up the sand. Not too far from the two, you see a young boy, trying to catch the frisbee that the old man threw. With him is a blue fluffy, exhibiting no external or internal sign of damage. That fact confuses you a little since this was supposed to be a fluffy shelter for the abused, but the two owners here have healthy fluffies.

And then it dawns on you. The boy is Max, the owner of the Fosterfluffy, which won the "Best Breed Award" of 2019, as the Pinkyfluffy pointed out to you a month ago.
“Enjoying yourself?" asks the Painter.
"A little, but I just got here."
"Well, I hope you'll have a good time while you’re here."

"What can you tell me about that fluffy over there? The blue one that Max has."
"Oh, so you know about Shark Week?"
"THAT is a VERY odd name."
"It is, but thats the name Max gave to his fluffy. Sam has mention that there was a question you wanted an answer to, so I'll explain it to you.

The various fluffy associations of Italy have an annual Fluffy award show. It is an unofficial thing, independent of Hasbio, and they like to look for the best fluffy breeds in the world. Since the Pinkyfluffy won a few times, the panel eventually started to include a Pinkfluffy as a panel judge, owing to their independence and intelligence. And, in 2019, the panel, including Giuseppe's Pinkyfluffy, picked the Fosterfluffy as the best breed, owing to the story of Max and Shark Week."

"I understand that the Fosterfluffy became Max's companion animal after he was rescued, but why is Max here?"

Bob meets SMokey for the first time (Artist:Mrpaint)
"Well, that is because Bob is here too,” the Painter says, pointing towards the scruffy old man playing with his grey fluffy.

"Bob here owns a fairly rare breed I worked on, the Mrpaint."
"So wait, you named your professional painting service after a fluffy breed?"

He smirks, as he relates, "Its more like the fluffy breed was named after the professional painting service. Well, thats what creator of the breed once said. I've been wondering to myself why the director of the Coalheart programmed went with that name."
"So you're a Hasbio employee?"
"EX-Hasbio. I long left them. I now spend my time looking after the fluffies at the shelter, as well as run a professional painting service."

You tell him about the recent trouble you had, especially with the one man who got word about your name.

"Oh I heard about that. However, Sam has a lot of contacts so, even if they were trying to phish out information from you, as long as you didn't mention the location or the purpose, we're fine. Besides, things have been safer ever since Bob started working for us. Not to mention, and as an ex-military man myself, I have a few tricks up my sleeve."
"What can you tell me about Bob?"
"Oh Bob? He's Max's dad. Well, his adoptive father. He's also a war vet. Lost his leg in Afghanistan. Then, when he reached home, he found out that both his wife, and his only son, died in a car crash. On top of that, a business that he had invested in had lost money. Depressed, and without anything to live for, he was going to take his life.

\"Then Smokey came into his life\" (Artist:Mrpaint)
Then, Smokey came into his life."

Scar, the grey fluffy, jumps up, and manages to catch the frisbee with his mouth.

"Good one, Smokey!" applauds Bob.

"Hey Cwush! Come and pway wacies wif us!"
"Otay!"

Crush proceeds to run from you lap, as he rushes towards Smokey and Shark Week.

"Shawk am fastest!"
"Nuh uh! Smokey am fastest!"
"Siwwy babbehs! Cwush am fastest cuz Cwush hav a wheewies!"

The three fluffies then get behind a line, as Bob counts down.

"Three, two, one! Go!"

And the three fluffies run in a straight line. Despite having a wheel for a leg, Crush is quite the competent runner. Nonetheless, all three fluffies run at the same speed, and reach Max, who is standing near a palm tree, and is the designated 'finishing line."

"Congratulations, you're all winners!"

All three fluffies laugh. Shark Week jumps up, and Max tumbles over. The other two fluffies proceed to give Max a big hug. Bob comes over, smiling at his adoptive son. He lands his hand and helps pick the boy up.

"Thanks, dad."
"Bob has really gotten better," the Painter remarks. "When I first met Bob, he was an angry and jaded man, who ignored most social interaction in life. He adopted Smokey from a feral herd that tried to invade his lawn. The herd abandoned Smokey, and he decided to care and raise him. However, Scar noticed that his owner was naturally wary of people.

So, one day, Smokey got Bob to attend a fellow fluffy owners gathering. That is how Bob met Max, as Scar knew Shark Week at a local fluffy daycare. After finding out that Max was an orphan, and hearing his story, Bob adopted him."

You keep watching the three fluffies. After the race, the trio had taken turns chasing each other. Crush, while the eldest and disabled, puts his utmost best in matching up with his other compatriots. You feel a sense of courage to him. Smokey has a sort of primal energy. Wagging his tail constantly and with his tongue always sticking out, he reminds you a bit of a dog, and to some extent, like Maurice the Waggytail. Out of the three, Shark Week is the most composed and graceful in his movements, owing to his existence as further development of a biotoy line at Hasbio. However, and despite this significant status, he maintains an unwitting humility in his friendship with the other two breeds, seeing them as not only his equals, but as his friends. Though they came from three different generations of fluffies, the three fluffies exhibit a sort of humble happiness, a happiness which benefitted two ostracized people, and helped start a shelter for the neglected.

"Who would've thought that fluffies could bring people together?"
"They can, and they have. Its something that people of Italy realize. And its something that groups like ABAP and AWFP are working towards raising awareness about."

~

You had a good weekend at Zihuatanejo.
As for Sam, he managed to get a good understanding of the Coalhearts, which he will mention in his next podcast. While driving you back home in his SUV, he mentions that Tumbly is going to be in the next podcast.

END OF PART 7
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